1. Linguistic identity and geographic context

Tikopia is associated with Tikopia Island in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands. It belongs to the Polynesian Outlier sphere within the Austronesian language family. That typological and genealogical relationship does not authorize the transfer of lexical or grammatical forms from a different Polynesian language. The name, community and documentary record should be treated on their own terms.

2. History of documentation and community testimony

Raymond Firth documented Tikopian language and society beginning with fieldwork in 1928–1929. The 1985 Tikopia–English Dictionary, Taranga Fakatikopia ma Taranga Fakainglisi, was produced with special assistance from Ishmael Tuki and Pa Rangiaco. Its extensive lexical material reflects both historical ritual usage and living expressions; the book’s publication date must not be mistaken for the beginning of the language.

3. Alphabet, pronunciation and orthographic fidelity

The dictionary includes Notes on the Structure of Tikopia Language and explicit discussion of language variation. Orthographic practice should be cited by edition, not projected backward as an ancient writing system.

When source examples contain length marks, special letters or editorial segmentation, retain those faithfully and label alternate transcriptions. A published spelling is a research artifact rather than proof of a pre-contact writing system.

4. Grammar, constructions and structure

Lexical classification, pronouns, possession, kinship, ritual registers, particles, word order and semantic variation are legitimate research topics. Firth’s ethnographic approach places dictionary senses in cultural context; it does not authorize invented conversational examples.

For authentic sentences, attach the original publication and location. Where reference grammars do not support a construction, mark it as unverified rather than generating an apparently fluent but unsubstantiated sentence.

5. Carefully selected documented lexical evidence

The following limited forms or notation examples are tied to specific cited resources. Definitions may summarize a source’s wording; they do not provide an independently verified full conversational phrasebook.

• rima: hand, arm or five in the comparative wordlist.
• vae: leg or foot.
• matau: right hand.

Do not treat a lexical citation as permission to construct additional inflected forms, sentences or pronunciation rules without independent verification.

6. Social and cultural interpretation

Ocean ecology, lineage knowledge, family relationships, cultural memory and inter-island contact can shape vocabulary and narrative meaning. The research record may contain culturally sensitive content; speaker attribution, archival conditions and the perspective of contemporary communities must be respected. Historical linguistic descriptions should not be interpreted as present-day speaker counts.

7. Documentary and academic bibliography

• Raymond Firth; with assistance from Ishmael Tuki and Pa Rangiaco (1985), Tikopia–English Dictionary. https://natlib.govt.nz/records/21968323
• Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: Tikopia (POLLEX 2000). https://lpan.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=155

A cited bibliography proves the existence of a resource, not that every possible teaching example has been checked against its complete text. Future expansions should add exact page or recording references.

8. Ninety individually named documentary study objectives

Nine modules each contain ten structured research lessons. These are research and assessment outlines, not ninety fully authored books or audiovisual recordings. They specify how to expand the encyclopedia responsibly through original sources.

Module 1. History, identity and documentary witnesses — Lessons 1–10

Module objective: investigate history, identity and documentary witnesses through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: Firth fieldwork 1928–1929; Tikopia lexicon 1985. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

1. Lesson 1: Speech community and endonym — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
2. Lesson 2: Island geography — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
3. Lesson 3: Polynesian classification — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
4. Lesson 4: Neighboring languages — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
5. Lesson 5: Early documentary chronology — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
6. Lesson 6: Primary author’s research — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
7. Lesson 7: Community contributors — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
8. Lesson 8: Evidence of historical change — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
9. Lesson 9: Bibliographic metadata — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
10. Lesson 10: Ethics of naming — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 2. Alphabet, phonology and authentic orthography — Lessons 11–20

Module objective: investigate alphabet, phonology and authentic orthography through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: Tikopia lexicon 1985; Ishmael Tuki. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

11. Lesson 11: Writing conventions — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
12. Lesson 12: Source consonant analysis — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
13. Lesson 13: Vowel symbols — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
14. Lesson 14: Vowel length and doubled writing — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
15. Lesson 15: Consonant alternation — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
16. Lesson 16: Syllable evidence — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
17. Lesson 17: Stress and intonation — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
18. Lesson 18: Orthographic changes — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
19. Lesson 19: Source audio transcription — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
20. Lesson 20: No invented ancient script — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 3. Original lexicon and semantic context — Lessons 21–30

Module objective: investigate original lexicon and semantic context through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: Ishmael Tuki; Pa Rangiaco. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

21. Lesson 21: Headword selection — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
22. Lesson 22: English gloss limitations — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
23. Lesson 23: Maritime vocabulary — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
24. Lesson 24: Flora and fauna — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
25. Lesson 25: Kinship terms — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
26. Lesson 26: Food and cultivation — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
27. Lesson 27: Directional expressions — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
28. Lesson 28: Contact words — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
29. Lesson 29: Culturally specific meanings — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
30. Lesson 30: Ten verified dictionary entries — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 4. Pronouns, nominals and possession — Lessons 31–40

Module objective: investigate pronouns, nominals and possession through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: Pa Rangiaco; traditional registers. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

31. Lesson 31: Pronoun inventory — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
32. Lesson 32: Singular reference — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
33. Lesson 33: Dual and plural evidence — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
34. Lesson 34: Inclusion versus exclusion — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
35. Lesson 35: Noun modifiers — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
36. Lesson 36: Possession types — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
37. Lesson 37: Kinship possessives — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
38. Lesson 38: Definiteness and articles — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
39. Lesson 39: Demonstrative reference — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
40. Lesson 40: Attested noun phrases — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 5. Verbs and sentence structure — Lessons 41–50

Module objective: investigate verbs and sentence structure through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: traditional registers; chiefly vocabulary. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

41. Lesson 41: Verb classes — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
42. Lesson 42: Verb marking — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
43. Lesson 43: Aspect and tense — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
44. Lesson 44: Negation — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
45. Lesson 45: Questions — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
46. Lesson 46: Imperatives — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
47. Lesson 47: Transitivity — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
48. Lesson 48: Clause order — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
49. Lesson 49: Reduplication — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
50. Lesson 50: Documented clause annotation — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 6. Authentic narrative and original texts — Lessons 51–60

Module objective: investigate authentic narrative and original texts through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: chiefly vocabulary; Polynesian cognates. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

51. Lesson 51: Locate a published text — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
52. Lesson 52: Identify its narrator — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
53. Lesson 53: Preserve the original spelling — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
54. Lesson 54: Segment into clauses — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
55. Lesson 55: Gloss one construction — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
56. Lesson 56: Compare translations — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
57. Lesson 57: Identify quotation conventions — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
58. Lesson 58: Narrative sequence — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural imagery — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
60. Lesson 60: Critical text commentary — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 7. Historical comparison and sound change — Lessons 61–70

Module objective: investigate historical comparison and sound change through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: Polynesian cognates; island ecology. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

61. Lesson 61: Polynesian comparative method — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
62. Lesson 62: Cognate verification — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
63. Lesson 63: False cognates — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
64. Lesson 64: Inherited phonology — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
65. Lesson 65: Loanword evidence — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
66. Lesson 66: Source dates — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
67. Lesson 67: Language contact — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
68. Lesson 68: Variation among speakers — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
69. Lesson 69: Limits of reconstruction — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
70. Lesson 70: Historical case study — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 8. Living language, community and preservation — Lessons 71–80

Module objective: investigate living language, community and preservation through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: island ecology; historical word senses. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

71. Lesson 71: Community cultural authority — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
72. Lesson 72: Language in everyday life — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
73. Lesson 73: Diaspora and mobility — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
74. Lesson 74: Language transmission — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
75. Lesson 75: School use and literacy — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
76. Lesson 76: Lexical innovation — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
77. Lesson 77: Respectful archival practice — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
78. Lesson 78: Speaker rights and attribution — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
79. Lesson 79: Appropriate reuse of texts — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
80. Lesson 80: Community review — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

Module 9. Research synthesis and assessment — Lessons 81–90

Module objective: investigate research synthesis and assessment through the distinctive Tikopia documentation. Principal evidence anchors: historical word senses; comparative wordlists. For each exercise, preserve the original form and attach a traceable source record.

81. Lesson 81: Annotated bibliography — historical word senses. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
82. Lesson 82: Phonological profile — comparative wordlists. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
83. Lesson 83: Orthography note — Firth fieldwork 1928–1929. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
84. Lesson 84: Verified lexical notebook — Tikopia lexicon 1985. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun evidence review — Ishmael Tuki. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
86. Lesson 86: Verb evidence review — Pa Rangiaco. Locate the feature in the source’s glossary, grammar or archive and write a concise linguistic explanation with a traceable reference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
87. Lesson 87: One cited text analysis — traditional registers. Summarize the relevant archival evidence and note one unanswered empirical question that would require speaker consultation. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
88. Lesson 88: Contact-language comparison — chiefly vocabulary. Transcribe a directly documented item from the cited source, identifying spelling, gloss, date and author. Explain the feature only as far as the evidence warrants. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
89. Lesson 89: Community-source ethics report — Polynesian cognates. Compare two source-backed entries or passages and describe their formal or semantic contrasts without importing unattested forms from related languages. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.
90. Lesson 90: Final 90-lesson portfolio — island ecology. Prepare a documentary annotation distinguishing a primary-language example from editorial transcription, translation and scholarly inference. Assessment: a short evidence table, a source-based analysis and an explicit statement of uncertainty.

9. Scholarly integrity and use limitations

Native lexical items, if cited, are only those supported by the references named above. No invented ancient script, fabricated historical quote, invented speaker total, unsupported grammatical paradigm or undocumented local phrase has been presented as fact. Ninety research objectives must not be advertised as ninety completed textbooks. Community review and original-source verification remain essential for full pedagogical release.