Living European & Caucasus Languages — Regional Guide

Browse published living-language profiles of Europe, the Caucasus and neighbouring regions. Geographic groupings overlap language families; language identity, usage and official status vary across communities.

All living-language profiles A–Z · Encyclopedia home

Western and Northern Europe

• Danish
• Icelandic
• Irish
• Breton
• Corsican
• Catalan
• Galician
• Basque

Central and Eastern Europe

• Czech
• Croatian
• Bosnian
• Bulgarian
• Macedonian
• Belarusian
• Albanian
• Hungarian

Baltic and Uralic

• Latvian
• Lithuanian
• Estonian
• Finnish

Caucasus, neighbouring languages and Central Asia

• Georgian
• Abkhaz
• Abaza
• Adyghe
• Ossetian
• Azerbaijani
• Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji)
• Kazakh
• Kyrgyz