1. Language identity and naming

Adyghe, also called West Circassian, is a living Northwest Caucasian language with Glottocode adyg1241 and ISO 639-3 ady. Adyghe-speaking communities are found in the Northwest Caucasus and several diasporas. The broader term Circassian can encompass both West and East Circassian; those are not automatically the same standard language.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

2. Circassian genealogy

West Circassian is closely related to East Circassian or Kabardian, recorded separately as kbd in catalogues. Both belong to the Circassian branch of Northwest Caucasian. Language similarities should be established by comparative phonology rather than copied vocabulary.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

3. Dialects and region

Glottolog and Babel Archive list Adyghe dialect labels including Abzakh, Bzhedug, Natukhai, Shapsug, Temirgoy and Hakuchi. Speaker migration and political changes have shaped diaspora usage; scholarly examples must be labeled by source variety.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

4. Writing traditions and contemporary standard

Adyghe uses a modern Cyrillic-based literary orthography and has a historical record of Latin orthography experiments and other earlier approaches. Cyrillic digraphs and special conventions should be studied as language-specific symbols rather than mechanically pronounced from Russian.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

5. Consonantism and vowel systems

West Circassian has a typologically rich consonant system involving ejectives, fricatives and labialized consonants. Its vowel inventory is comparatively small, and phonetic realizations depend strongly on neighboring consonants. Counts vary according to dialect and theoretical phonemic analysis.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

6. Polysynthetic morphology

Adyghe verbal structure is highly complex and polysynthetic, with rich pronominal agreement, argument coding, spatial markers and tense-aspect distinctions. O’Herin's related chapter and Lander's morphology overview offer family-wide and comparative perspectives.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

7. Ergativity and clause patterns

Northwest Caucasian descriptions often emphasize ergative-absolutive agreement and head-marking. Adyghe has its own distribution of grammatical cases and constructions, which must be documented from original Adyghe clauses rather than derived from general family claims.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

8. Inflection and derivation

Adyghe morphological studies describe combinations of agreement, valency, orientation and other verbal categories. Educational paradigms must specify the source dialect, order of affixes and any restrictions rather than freely stack morphemes.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

9. Oral literature and cultural context

West Circassian Nart narratives, oral performance and historical ethnographic documents provide valuable language materials. A North West Caucasian Reader includes West Circassian source texts and orthographic information. Performance genres should not be conflated with ordinary spoken usage.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

10. Documenting the living language

Contemporary use across Russia and diaspora communities varies by education, script tradition and local language contact. Long-term documentation should address community priorities, consent, accessible encoding and carefully sourced dialect materials.

Analytical standards: Locate an original grammatical description or consented recording and document date, community or dialect, transcription, and the researcher’s interpretation. Compare one independent treatment; distinguish factual source evidence from a historical reconstruction, generic typological claim or translated prompt. In cases of missing primary material, preserve the limitation rather than invent a native-language example.

11. Alphabet, source data and methodological safeguards

The written names of the languages, cited above, are original-language illustrations rather than a complete bilingual dictionary. This page does not provide invented unverified word lists, fluent greeting dialogues or automatic verbal paradigms. Detailed source corpora and orthography tables listed in the bibliography should be used to develop dialect-attributed and speaker-approved examples. The use of Cyrillic, IPA or historical orthography must always be identified so the original letters and contrasts are not lost.

Research worksheet: record original form, orthographic standard, variety, page or recording timestamp, meaning, grammar, phonetic interpretation, source date, speaker permission where applicable, and whether the description represents direct observation or reconstruction.

12. Ninety academically specified documentary learning units

Ten modules of nine distinct research-lesson briefs each. Each unit provides a defined linguistic question, an evidence-based assignment and a checkable deliverable. A complete student textbook would additionally require real example paradigms, coherent graded vocabulary, authentic readings, audio and exercises with verified answers.

Module 1. Identity and source mapping (Lessons 1–9)

Language-specific concentration: Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 1: Language names and autonyms. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 2: ISO 639-3 language identifiers. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 3: Glottocode and family membership. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 4: Regional speaker geography. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 5: Historic communities and mobility. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 6: Current diaspora language settings. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 7: Linguistic history and key scholarship. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 8: Dialect names and classification boundaries. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 9: Create a cited foundational profile. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Adyghe and West Circassian naming. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 2. Writing and documentary standards (Lessons 10–18)

Language-specific concentration: West and East Circassian classification. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 10: Current alphabet and orthography. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 11: Historical writing attempts. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 12: Cyrillic letters and their values. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 13: Distinguish writing from IPA. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 14: Analyze specialist transcription. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 15: Document text genre and source date. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 16: Preserve historical spelling. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 17: Compare regional written standards. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 18: Prepare a source-based orthography guide. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to West and East Circassian classification. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 3. Phonetics and phonology (Lessons 19–27)

Language-specific concentration: Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 19: Analyze consonant inventory from a grammar. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 20: Identify ejective consonants. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 21: Study uvular and pharyngeal articulations. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 22: Study labialized consonants. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 23: Evaluate vocalic phoneme inventories. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 24: Analyze contextual vowel realizations. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 25: Describe phonotactic constraints. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 26: Compare two sourced phonetic analyses. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 27: Produce a phonetics research portfolio. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Abzakh, Shapsug, Bzhedug and Temirgoy dialects. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 4. Vocabulary and semantics (Lessons 28–36)

Language-specific concentration: Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 28: Assemble authenticated kinship vocabulary. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 29: Find documented number words. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 30: Locate greetings in a named dialect. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 31: Investigate environment and landscape terms. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 32: Find time expressions in narratives. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 33: Study participant and personal references. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 34: Distinguish inherited and loaned words. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 35: Review the semantics of spatial expressions. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 36: Compile an evidence-based miniature lexicon. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Cyrillic orthography and literary conventions. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 5. Participants and nominal grammar (Lessons 37–45)

Language-specific concentration: ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 37: Locate nouns in an original text. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 38: Investigate nominal number and plurality. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 39: Examine independent pronoun forms. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 40: Analyze possession and relational constructions. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 41: Study nominal cases where documented. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 42: Review attributive structures. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 43: Examine definiteness and determination. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 44: Compare nominal and predicate relations. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 45: Produce a sourced noun-phrase analysis. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ejective, fricative and labialized consonants. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 6. Complex verbs and clause grammar (Lessons 46–54)

Language-specific concentration: polysynthetic verbal structure. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 46: Find authentic verb complexes. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 47: Identify agreement slots and argument markers. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 48: Analyze ergative-absolutive patterns. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 49: Investigate valency alternations. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 50: Study spatial and orientation preverbs. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 51: Review tense and aspect categories. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 52: Describe negation from original sentences. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 53: Analyze interrogative or subordinate clauses. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 54: Build an interlinear verb analysis. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to polysynthetic verbal structure. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 7. Conversation and social context (Lessons 55–63)

Language-specific concentration: ergative agreement and syntax. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 55: Check an attested greeting in original speech. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 56: Describe respectful address from sources. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 57: Analyze a recorded dialogue opening. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 58: Review speaker turn-taking. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 59: Find requests and invitations in texts. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 60: Identify thanks and social responses. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 61: Examine dialect-sensitive colloquial use. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 62: Study modern code-switching. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 63: Prepare a speaker-approved dialogue annotation. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to ergative agreement and syntax. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 8. Narrative and literary history (Lessons 64–72)

Language-specific concentration: Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 64: Read an original narrative excerpt. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 65: Identify Nart epic text sources. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 66: Distinguish translation from original text. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 67: Research the history of printed literature. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 68: Compare oral and written registers. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 69: Review place-name evidence. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 70: Analyze a modern original-language text. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 71: Record ethical permissions and contributors. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 72: Write an annotated literature overview. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to Circassian Nart oral-language sources. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 9. Comparative Northwest Caucasian methods (Lessons 73–81)

Language-specific concentration: comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 73: Compare Abkhaz–Abaza and Circassian branches. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 74: Analyze shared consonant correspondences. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 75: Distinguish dialectal features and borrowings. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 76: Study complex agreement typology. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 77: Compare source-specific vowel inventories. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 78: Investigate historical reconstruction cautiously. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 79: Create a miniature archival corpus. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 80: Evaluate disputed descriptions. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 81: Write a critical comparative analysis. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to comparative Adyghe–Kabardian morphology. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Module 10. Advanced evidence and assessment (Lessons 82–90)

Language-specific concentration: community-sensitive source research portfolio. Study the documented language and locality rather than import examples from another Northwest Caucasian language.

Lesson 82: Assemble a scholarly bibliography. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 83: Build a dated original-language wordlist. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 84: Audit transcription and orthographic fidelity. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 85: Annotate authorized speech audio. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 86: Explain a documented nominal structure. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 87: Explain an attested verb complex. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 88: Draft a community-respectful learning worksheet. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 89: Peer-review source evidence and uncertainties. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

Lesson 90: Complete the final encyclopedic research dossier. Research objective: evaluate Adyghe with specific reference to community-sensitive source research portfolio. Procedure: consult a dated linguistic grammar, orthographic manual, original-language text or permitted recording; identify the author, speech variety and methodological conventions. Investigate an attested item or a source-supported typological finding, preserve its original notation, and compare an independent analysis. Learner task: prepare an original explanatory paragraph, a precise reference record, one analytical question with a source-backed answer and a note on unresolved uncertainty. Assessment: credit only demonstrably attributed evidence, never invented words or unsupported grammar rules.

13. Further teaching materials and assessment design

Recommended future course materials include source-verified consonant and vowel charts, original-script vocabulary with speaker approval, authorized audio, authentic full clauses and glossed narratives, cultural context essays, transcription workshops and research reviews. These are planned educational elements, not an assertion that audiovisual lessons, PDFs or professional proficiency assessments are already online.

Suggested assessment weights: documentary source accuracy (25%), writing and phonetic analysis (20%), sourced morphology and syntax (25%), historical and cultural research ethics (15%), and a final original evidence-based dossier (15%). Review requires speaker or specialist input for phonetic and pragmatically appropriate examples.

14. Academic bibliography and provenance

1. Glottolog West Circassian (Adyghe), ISO ady. Check publication date, research dialect and original example context.
2. Babel Archive West Circassian varieties. Check publication date, research dialect and original example context.
3. The Northwest Caucasian Languages, Oxford Handbook. Check publication date, research dialect and original example context.
4. Lander, Morphology in Northwest Caucasian Languages. Check publication date, research dialect and original example context.
5. Colarusso, A North West Caucasian Reader. Check publication date, research dialect and original example context.

Transparency statement: Codes and genealogical placement were checked against Glottolog and academic descriptions of the Northwest Caucasian family. These ninety entries are academic research unit briefs, not ninety authored native-language textbook chapters. Unattested forms and universalized dialect claims are deliberately excluded.