European Historical Language Traditions

Illustrative historic book photograph: Mark Rasmuson, Unsplash (Unsplash License).

Discover historical stages of European languages through selected documented guides. Use the alphabetical directory to locate further entries not listed on this overview.

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Germanic

• Old English
• Middle English
• Old High German
• Middle High German
• Old Norse
• Gothic
• Old Frisian

Romance and Celtic

• Old French
• Old Spanish
• Old Catalan
• Galician-Portuguese
• Old Occitan
• Old Irish
• Gaulish

Slavic and Baltic

• Old Church Slavonic
• Old East Slavic
• Old Polish
• Old Czech
• Early Lithuanian
• Early Latvian
• Old Prussian