1. History, speech community and classification

ANLHE New Ireland and Solomon Islands classification audit (November 2026): Hoava, sometimes discussed with Kusaghe, belongs to the New Georgia subgroup of Northwest Solomonic Oceanic languages. It is historically related to Roviana but is not simply an alternative name for Roviana. The naming of regional speech varieties and collection sites is essential when citing original words or oral texts. Comparative language documentation.

Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe) is associated with New Georgia islands, Western Province, Solomon Islands. Genealogical affiliation: Austronesian, Oceanic, Northwest Solomonic, New Georgia. Karen Davis published A Grammar of the Hoava Language, Western Solomons in 2003 (Pacific Linguistics volume 535). It is a 332-page reference grammar and the first published reference grammar focused on this part of the New Georgia group. Hoava is genealogically close to Roviana but the two languages show important syntactic differences; one language’s structure should not be automatically applied to the other.

Ethnonyms, linguistic identity and geographically adjacent vernaculars must not be conflated. Earlier and modern publication dates belong to specific scholarly records, not to the beginning of a language.

2. Sound system, orthography and pronunciation

The 2003 grammar provides the appropriate source for authentic orthography and phonological analysis. Its original linguistic annotations should be retained when citing examples. The grammar’s historical speaker descriptions are source-dated and are not verified 2026 population figures.

A writing system used by researchers may differ from community spelling. Citation must retain source diacritics, segment boundaries and context. An invented pronunciation or presumed ancient script is not a substitute for real data.

3. Grammatical architecture and attested analysis

Davis pays particular attention to verbal morphology, argument structure and applicativization. Later work by Bill Palmer revisits Hoava noun phrase and determiner phrase analysis, including the relationships among pronouns, articles and nominal expressions. These questions are ideal for teaching how descriptive frameworks may differ despite referring to the same attested speech.

The research proceeds from real original-language passages. A typological generalization such as basic word order cannot authenticate a specific native-language sentence without the actual source.

4. Original lexical evidence and academic editing method

The cited documentary collections provide the basis for a validated vocabulary. Each future entry should present the original headword, its source and spelling, grammatical class, English translation, local variety and a small attested contextual example. Because only bibliographic claims were verified for this edition, no speculative native-language word forms or invented conversations are introduced here.

Do not reproduce a whole copyrighted dictionary or oral transcript without permission. Summaries and newly written analysis should be distinguished from short properly cited source examples.

5. Social context, cultural history and language continuity

The cultural ecology of island and coastal communities encompasses maritime knowledge, local place names, oral history, kinship, language contact and changing educational practice. Historic ethnographic or census claims should be dated; modern community authority and diversity must be acknowledged.

6. Credited academic sources

1. Davis (2003), A Grammar of the Hoava Language, Western Solomons, WALS bibliography. https://wals.info/refdb/record/Davis-2003
2. Glottolog Davis 2003 full bibliographic record. https://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/49178
3. Glottolog Hoava classification and documentation. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hoav1238

These sources ground the linguistic and historical descriptions. Later expansions must add exact page references for lexical and grammatical examples. When an archival source imposes reuse conditions, those restrictions should be respected.

7. Research themes unique to Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)

1. Hoava and Kusaghe names: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
2. New Georgia geography: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
3. Davis 2003 grammar: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
4. Pacific Linguistics 535: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
5. verbal morphology: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
6. applicativization: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
7. argument structure: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
8. pronoun–article analysis: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
9. Roviana comparisons: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.
10. contemporary source checking: explore the theme through Hoava (Hoava-Kusaghe)’s own records, annotate source dates, and distinguish secure conclusions from claims requiring more evidence.

8. Ninety separately specified documentary lessons

Nine thematic modules with ten independently titled assignments each. The modules guide research from attested history and phonology to grammar, contextual texts and source verification; they do not claim fully written language lessons.

Module 1: Identity, geographic history and original sources — Lessons 1–10

Distinct source anchor: Hoava and Kusaghe names. Related research emphasis: New Georgia geography. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

1. Lesson 1: Autonym and research names — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
2. Lesson 2: Speech geography and island communities — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
3. Lesson 3: Language family and classification — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
4. Lesson 4: Distinguishing nearby languages — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
5. Lesson 5: First primary source — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
6. Lesson 6: Later documentary milestones — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
7. Lesson 7: Researcher and community contributors — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
8. Lesson 8: Historical context and source genre — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
9. Lesson 9: Language-use context — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
10. Lesson 10: Chronological bibliography — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 2: Authentic orthography and phonology — Lessons 11–20

Distinct source anchor: New Georgia geography. Related research emphasis: Davis 2003 grammar. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

11. Lesson 11: Source alphabet and symbol set — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
12. Lesson 12: Consonant evidence — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
13. Lesson 13: Vowel qualities — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
14. Lesson 14: Syllable structure — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
15. Lesson 15: Stress and prosody — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
16. Lesson 16: Consonant clusters if attested — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
17. Lesson 17: Length and other contrasts — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
18. Lesson 18: Source-era transcription differences — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
19. Lesson 19: Audio and IPA correspondence — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
20. Lesson 20: Orthography critical review — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 3: Lexicon and contextual translation — Lessons 21–30

Distinct source anchor: Davis 2003 grammar. Related research emphasis: Pacific Linguistics 535. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

21. Lesson 21: Dictionary history — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
22. Lesson 22: Body and health vocabulary — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
23. Lesson 23: Kinship expressions — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
24. Lesson 24: Maritime and environmental words — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
25. Lesson 25: Plants and local natural history — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
26. Lesson 26: Spatial vocabulary — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
27. Lesson 27: Movement and actions — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
28. Lesson 28: Numerals — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
29. Lesson 29: Borrowing and multilingual contact — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
30. Lesson 30: Verified lexical sample set — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 4: Nominal grammar, reference and possession — Lessons 31–40

Distinct source anchor: Pacific Linguistics 535. Related research emphasis: verbal morphology. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

31. Lesson 31: Noun phrase boundaries — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
32. Lesson 32: Pronouns and person marking — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
33. Lesson 33: Singular and plural categories — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
34. Lesson 34: Number beyond plural if attested — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
35. Lesson 35: Nominal determiners — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
36. Lesson 36: Demonstrative systems — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
37. Lesson 37: Alienable and inalienable relations — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
38. Lesson 38: Possessive constructions — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
39. Lesson 39: Nominal modification — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
40. Lesson 40: Attested noun phrase commentary — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 5: Verbal constructions and clause syntax — Lessons 41–50

Distinct source anchor: verbal morphology. Related research emphasis: applicativization. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

41. Lesson 41: Verb classification — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
42. Lesson 42: Argument structure — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
43. Lesson 43: Verbal morphology — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
44. Lesson 44: Time and aspect evidence — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
45. Lesson 45: Negation — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
46. Lesson 46: Imperatives and questions — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
47. Lesson 47: Serial verbs where attested — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
48. Lesson 48: Complex clauses and coordination — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
49. Lesson 49: Pragmatic emphasis — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
50. Lesson 50: Full original clause analysis — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 6: Documentary texts and narrative analysis — Lessons 51–60

Distinct source anchor: applicativization. Related research emphasis: argument structure. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

51. Lesson 51: Source genre identification — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
52. Lesson 52: Speaker and collector identification — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
53. Lesson 53: Exact passage transcription — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
54. Lesson 54: Morphological segmentation — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
55. Lesson 55: Interlinear alignment — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
56. Lesson 56: Literal translation — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
57. Lesson 57: Contextual translation — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
58. Lesson 58: Narrative discourse markers — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural contextualization — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
60. Lesson 60: Original-source text commentary — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 7: Comparison and language contact — Lessons 61–70

Distinct source anchor: argument structure. Related research emphasis: pronoun–article analysis. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

61. Lesson 61: Comparative family evidence — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
62. Lesson 62: Inherited sound correspondences — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
63. Lesson 63: Loanwords versus cognates — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
64. Lesson 64: Morphosyntactic contrasts — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
65. Lesson 65: Neighboring-language influence — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
66. Lesson 66: Historical edition comparison — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
67. Lesson 67: Dialect-specific observations — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
68. Lesson 68: Methodological limitations — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
69. Lesson 69: Unverified linguistic hypotheses — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
70. Lesson 70: Critical comparison essay — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 8: Communities, literacy and archive ethics — Lessons 71–80

Distinct source anchor: pronoun–article analysis. Related research emphasis: Roviana comparisons. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

71. Lesson 71: Community naming and agency — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
72. Lesson 72: Social settings of speech — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
73. Lesson 73: Local historical literacy — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
74. Lesson 74: Education and multilingualism — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
75. Lesson 75: Ecological knowledge and place names — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
76. Lesson 76: Consent to record and publish — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
77. Lesson 77: Rights in oral texts — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
78. Lesson 78: Accurate speaker credit — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
79. Lesson 79: Community review of educational usage — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
80. Lesson 80: Appropriate digital preservation — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

Module 9: Graduate research and assessment portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Distinct source anchor: Roviana comparisons. Related research emphasis: contemporary source checking. Required principles: original orthography, explicit attribution, local variety and clear limits of evidence.

81. Lesson 81: Annotated scholarly bibliography — Roviana comparisons. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
82. Lesson 82: Source-orthography concordance — contemporary source checking. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
83. Lesson 83: Phonological evidence matrix — Hoava and Kusaghe names. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
84. Lesson 84: Ten-word evidence notebook — New Georgia geography. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
85. Lesson 85: Nominal construction analysis — Davis 2003 grammar. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
86. Lesson 86: Verb and clause analysis — Pacific Linguistics 535. Explain the cultural or historical context of an attested expression or grammatical point, while noting variation, collection genre and attribution limits. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
87. Lesson 87: Authenticated text annotation — verbal morphology. Design a source-specific fieldwork or archive investigation for this topic, with an explicit verification test rather than a speculative sample sentence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
88. Lesson 88: Historical and comparative commentary — applicativization. Locate an original form or passage in the named language’s source and preserve exact spelling, grammatical gloss, source date and page or archival locator; never substitute a related language’s form. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
89. Lesson 89: Ethical archiving checklist — argument structure. Make a concise comparison of primary observations and later scholarly interpretation, and state which conclusions are supported by the named evidence. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.
90. Lesson 90: Final source-verified research portfolio — pronoun–article analysis. Compile an evidence table separating original-language transcription, editorial gloss, proposed analysis and information still requiring speaker verification. Deliverable: evidence record, an original scholarly interpretation and a concise uncertainty note.

9. Publication integrity and future expansion

This entry includes an original encyclopedia overview, bibliography and ninety research lesson objectives. It is not presented as ninety completed lessons or textbooks. No unsupported forms, current population counts or fabricated historical speech are passed off as authenticated. Further editions require direct quotations with page or media references, community attribution and appropriate permissions.