1. Language identification, speakers and linguistic genealogy

ANLHE Solomon Islands comparative taxonomy audit (November 2026): Varisi (Varese) is documented in northwestern Choiseul. Tryon’s classification places it with Vaghua in a Northwest Choiseul cluster and treats the varieties as dialects of a wider grouping. This historical analysis does not authorize merging source-specific community records or declaring the currently catalogued ISO entries identical without separate evidence. Reference classification and documentation.

Varisi (Varese) is associated with Choiseul, Solomon Islands. ISO 639-3: vrs. Scholarly classification: Austronesian > Oceanic > Northwest Solomonic > Choiseul > West Choiseul. The language must be distinguished from related neighboring communities, historical alternative names and the editorial labels used in different publications.

2. Historical sources and chronology

Varisi, also historically called Varese or Ghone in certain regional sources, is distinct from neighboring Vaghua and Babatana. Capell’s 1943 study included a short comparison of Choiseul languages and a Varisi genealogy with kinship vocabulary. Tryon and Hackman’s 1983 classification includes Varisi; archival bibliography also lists a collection titled Custom Stories from Choiseul (1995), tentatively identified as probably Varisi. Tentative attribution must not be presented as verified source language.

Comparative wordlists, translated religious books and fieldwork grammars offer different types of evidence. No source-specific speaker estimates are represented here as verified current population counts.

3. Alphabet, sound inventory and source orthography

Historical Varisi forms occur in both IPA-style comparative notations and older transcriptions. The ABVD dataset preserves lexical diacritics and symbols whose phonetic value must be checked against source conventions; do not treat alternate forms from Ghone as a universally standardized orthography.

Any item quoted from a database must retain original letters, diacritics and annotation. A comparative Latin-script list does not establish an indigenous ancient alphabet or full modern conversational pronunciation.

4. Nominal and verbal grammar: evidence versus research questions

Ethnographic kinship references and modern lexical comparison can support source-based historical semantics but do not themselves establish an entire Varisi grammar. Full noun, pronoun and verbal description needs authenticated original-language clauses and attribution to the particular speaker variety.

Pronouns, possession, temporal markers and sentence structure are legitimate research domains only when tied to verifiable original passages. Shared Oceanic genealogy does not justify generating unattested words or grammar for this language.

5. Lexicography and cultural semantics

Detailed teaching vocabulary should be prepared by recording the headword from the attributed dictionary or comparative list, the editor’s gloss, its local variety, collection date and precise source location. Broader themes may include kinship, sea and forest ecology, food, settlements and motion. The language’s own documentary tradition, rather than unrelated English examples, must determine the original forms.

6. Community history, contact and language stewardship

Island geography, mobility, multilingual interaction, local knowledge and language learning are appropriate contextual subjects. Historical catalog entries and linguists’ field notes must be interpreted in their date and social setting. Native speakers and original collaborators should receive explicit attribution wherever identifiable; recordings and texts remain subject to community and archive permissions.

7. Academic source register

1. Glottolog Varisi classification and references. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/vari1239
2. ABVD Varisi comparative list. https://lpan.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=191
3. Surrey Choiseul bibliography and Capell 1943, 1995 stories. https://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/languages/northwest-solomonic/bibliography/choiseul/
4. Varisi documentation and original New Testament reference. https://arc.dbs.org/data/languages/vrs/

These bibliographic records allow verification; they do not establish ninety finished original-language dialogues. Future editions must cite exact pages or recordings for substantive native-language examples.

8. Ten language-specific original research strands

1. Choiseul geography. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
2. Varisi and Varese spellings. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
3. Ghone regional designation. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
4. Capell 1943 kinship. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
5. Tryon and Hackman 1983. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
6. 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
7. western subgroup phonology. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
8. Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
9. lexical comparison. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
10. documentation rights. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.

9. Ninety separately identified research lessons

Nine modules of ten lessons each organize the work from linguistic identity to source-based phonology, lexicography, morphosyntax, original texts, comparison and ethical preservation. Where the evidence is limited, a lesson remains an explicit investigation rather than an invented grammatical rule.

Module 1. Geography, names and documentation — Lessons 1–10

Specific research anchor: Choiseul geography. Comparative question: Varisi and Varese spellings. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

1. Lesson 1: Native and alternative names — Choiseul geography. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
2. Lesson 2: Community geography — Varisi and Varese spellings. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
3. Lesson 3: Language family — Ghone regional designation. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
4. Lesson 4: Relation to neighbors — Capell 1943 kinship. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
5. Lesson 5: Early source history — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
6. Lesson 6: Comparative collection — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
7. Lesson 7: Fieldwork and editors — western subgroup phonology. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
8. Lesson 8: Source date and provenance — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
9. Lesson 9: Distinct dialect labels — lexical comparison. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
10. Lesson 10: Annotated bibliography — documentation rights. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 2. Orthography, transcription and phonology — Lessons 11–20

Specific research anchor: Varisi and Varese spellings. Comparative question: Ghone regional designation. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

11. Lesson 11: Writing conventions — Varisi and Varese spellings. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
12. Lesson 12: Historical transcriptions — Ghone regional designation. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
13. Lesson 13: Consonant research — Capell 1943 kinship. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
14. Lesson 14: Vowel research — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
15. Lesson 15: Phonetic versus phonemic signs — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
16. Lesson 16: Hyphens and morphological notation — western subgroup phonology. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
17. Lesson 17: Stress evidence — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
18. Lesson 18: Audio comparisons — lexical comparison. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
19. Lesson 19: Regional pronunciation variation — documentation rights. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
20. Lesson 20: Sound evidence report — Choiseul geography. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 3. Original vocabulary and lexicography — Lessons 21–30

Specific research anchor: Ghone regional designation. Comparative question: Capell 1943 kinship. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

21. Lesson 21: First original wordlist — Ghone regional designation. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
22. Lesson 22: Body and kinship terms — Capell 1943 kinship. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
23. Lesson 23: Natural environment — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
24. Lesson 24: Maritime vocabulary — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
25. Lesson 25: Food and plants — western subgroup phonology. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
26. Lesson 26: Motion and direction — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
27. Lesson 27: Numeral evidence — lexical comparison. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
28. Lesson 28: Loanwords — documentation rights. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
29. Lesson 29: Word meaning variation — Choiseul geography. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
30. Lesson 30: Ten-entry attested notebook — Varisi and Varese spellings. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 4. Nominal reference and pronouns — Lessons 31–40

Specific research anchor: Capell 1943 kinship. Comparative question: Tryon and Hackman 1983. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

31. Lesson 31: Noun phrase identification — Capell 1943 kinship. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
32. Lesson 32: Personal reference — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
33. Lesson 33: Singular — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
34. Lesson 34: Dual if attested — western subgroup phonology. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
35. Lesson 35: Plural — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
36. Lesson 36: Inclusive and exclusive if attested — lexical comparison. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
37. Lesson 37: Articles and demonstratives — documentation rights. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
38. Lesson 38: Possessive patterns — Choiseul geography. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
39. Lesson 39: Kinship construction — Varisi and Varese spellings. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
40. Lesson 40: Evidence-based nominal analysis — Ghone regional designation. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 5. Verbal structures and sentence analysis — Lessons 41–50

Specific research anchor: Tryon and Hackman 1983. Comparative question: 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

41. Lesson 41: Identify predicates — Tryon and Hackman 1983. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
42. Lesson 42: Morphological boundaries — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
43. Lesson 43: Transitivity — western subgroup phonology. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
44. Lesson 44: Time markers — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
45. Lesson 45: Aspectual meaning — lexical comparison. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
46. Lesson 46: Negation — documentation rights. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
47. Lesson 47: Questions — Choiseul geography. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
48. Lesson 48: Commands — Varisi and Varese spellings. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
49. Lesson 49: Clause ordering — Ghone regional designation. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
50. Lesson 50: Annotated clause research — Capell 1943 kinship. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 6. Source text, discourse and translation — Lessons 51–60

Specific research anchor: 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Comparative question: western subgroup phonology. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

51. Lesson 51: Locate text — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
52. Lesson 52: Speaker or editor identity — western subgroup phonology. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
53. Lesson 53: Record source orthography — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
54. Lesson 54: Segment and gloss — lexical comparison. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
55. Lesson 55: Translate words in context — documentation rights. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
56. Lesson 56: Syntactic reading — Choiseul geography. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
57. Lesson 57: Discourse and genre — Varisi and Varese spellings. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
58. Lesson 58: Cultural interpretation — Ghone regional designation. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
59. Lesson 59: Compare editions — Capell 1943 kinship. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
60. Lesson 60: Critical text commentary — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 7. Historical comparison and contact — Lessons 61–70

Specific research anchor: western subgroup phonology. Comparative question: Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

61. Lesson 61: Genealogical subgroups — western subgroup phonology. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
62. Lesson 62: Cognate methodology — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
63. Lesson 63: Sound correspondences — lexical comparison. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
64. Lesson 64: Borrowing hypotheses — documentation rights. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
65. Lesson 65: Contact traditions — Choiseul geography. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
66. Lesson 66: Dialects and varieties — Varisi and Varese spellings. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
67. Lesson 67: Evidence from older sources — Ghone regional designation. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
68. Lesson 68: Reconstruction caution — Capell 1943 kinship. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
69. Lesson 69: Comparative hypothesis testing — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
70. Lesson 70: Documentary comparison paper — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 8. Community participation and ethics — Lessons 71–80

Specific research anchor: Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Comparative question: lexical comparison. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

71. Lesson 71: Community language names — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
72. Lesson 72: Knowledge holders — lexical comparison. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
73. Lesson 73: Traditional oral histories — documentation rights. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
74. Lesson 74: Island ecology — Choiseul geography. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
75. Lesson 75: Language learning contexts — Varisi and Varese spellings. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
76. Lesson 76: Multilingual environments — Ghone regional designation. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
77. Lesson 77: Recording permissions — Capell 1943 kinship. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
78. Lesson 78: Speaker and author credit — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
79. Lesson 79: Return materials to community — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
80. Lesson 80: Archival preservation — western subgroup phonology. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 9. Advanced research portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Specific research anchor: lexical comparison. Comparative question: documentation rights. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

81. Lesson 81: Source bibliography — lexical comparison. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
82. Lesson 82: Orthographic evidence matrix — documentation rights. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
83. Lesson 83: Sound-system inquiry — Choiseul geography. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
84. Lesson 84: Verified lexicon — Varisi and Varese spellings. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun-source report — Ghone regional designation. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
86. Lesson 86: Verbal research note — Capell 1943 kinship. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
87. Lesson 87: One annotated original excerpt — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
88. Lesson 88: Comparative essay — 1995 stories, tentative attribution. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
89. Lesson 89: Source and consent audit — western subgroup phonology. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
90. Lesson 90: Capstone research synthesis — Varisi and Vaghua distinction. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

10. Editorial disclosure

This page contains an original research profile and ninety lesson objectives, not ninety fully developed teaching texts, audio sessions or recorded lessons. Unsupported language phrases, invented writing systems and undocumented current speaker counts have not been introduced as facts. Further linguistic examples require precise archival citations and review where possible by community language experts.