1. Language identity and comparative taxonomy

Bambara, also widely called Bamanankan, belongs to the Manding group of Mande languages. It is closely related to Maninka and Jula and has important contact and lingua franca functions in Mali, but the names of other Manding languages are not simply alternate labels for all Bambara language material.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

2. Geography, community life and historical perspective

The linguistic record places Bambara in Mali and West African diaspora. Community identity, historical borders, and linguistic genealogy are not equivalent. Bamanankan occupies an important role in Mali's intercommunity communication, schooling, broadcasting, popular music, storytelling and oral historical traditions. Language contact with French, Arabic and regional Mande languages is important, but one source may reflect a specific period or dialect. The educational programme should present source dates and language variety names, respect community attribution, and never describe one local practice as obligatory for every speaker.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

3. Writing system, scripts and orthographic history

The principal documentary writing context is Latin-based Bambara orthography; N’Ko is also used in Manding literacy. Orthographic signs reflect a convention chosen by writers and educators. A word may be written differently in historic sources, digital texts or regional norms without necessarily being a different spoken language. Source-faithful spelling must be preserved, with transliteration explicitly identified and accompanied by the actual source language.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

4. Phonology and phonetic analysis

Bambara uses lexical tone and a Latin-based orthographic tradition that may include ɛ, ɔ, ɲ and ŋ; texts can also appear in N’Ko. Orthography is a representation of language, not a genealogical classification. Tone notation and long vowels should be checked in the particular reference used.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

5. Morphology and syntax

Bambara has a predominantly subject–auxiliary–object–verb clause pattern, with predicative markers crucial to tense, aspect and polarity. These cannot be safely inferred from English SVO patterns. Noun phrases, determiners and postpositions should be analyzed from attested examples rather than constructed from unrelated Manding forms.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

6. Semantics, vocabulary and source-critical lexicography

Lexical items should be recorded with their original script or spelling, grammatical function, precise source, page or recording time and date, and variety when known. Bambara language examples can carry distinctions not captured in a one-word English translation. The short example table below provides orientation only; no unrecorded word form or combination is to be inferred from it.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

7. Pragmatics, register and everyday discourse

Greetings, forms of respect, questions and politeness expressions change with addressee, social relationship and setting. Learn the following examples in their documented settings; many require a local variety or social context before they can be reused in a natural conversation. A grammar-translation exercise is not by itself evidence of community-accepted speech.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

8. Literature, history and the ethics of documentary research

Oral narratives, popular music, legal records, educational prose and religious literature can preserve different genres and historical layers. Bamanankan occupies an important role in Mali's intercommunity communication, schooling, broadcasting, popular music, storytelling and oral historical traditions. Language contact with French, Arabic and regional Mande languages is important, but one source may reflect a specific period or dialect. Research must distinguish transcription from translation, recording rights from publication rights, and modern editorial normalization from original forms. Original contributors and community ownership preferences should be acknowledged.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

9. Sociolinguistics and language contact

Names for varieties, education policy and contact languages differ between regions and historical periods. Borrowing, code-switching, bilingual education and linguistic change require local evidence. Percentages of speakers or rates of endangerment should be cited by survey year and should not be fabricated or generalized from a single setting.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

10. Comparative grammar and teaching methodology

Advanced learners should compare an attested Bambara sentence with a grammar description and one independent primary source. Annotate morphemes, sentence type, lexical meaning and pronunciation only where data exist. Explain competing analyses and uncertainty. This approach yields transferable linguistic literacy and avoids fabricating paradigms or unsupported conversational material.

Research orientation: consult source corpora and reference works below; note the exact recording or printed edition, language variety, original orthography, date, speaker metadata where public and permissioned, and analytical uncertainty. A learner should be able to evaluate both the linguistic claim and its evidential limits independently.

11. Source-attributed examples from the living language

Each short phrase or lexical item is attributed to the learning resource shown below; spelling and usage may vary across dialects. These are illustrations, not a complete vocabulary or verified basis for constructing unattested grammatical paradigms.

Example evidence: https://www.peacecorps.gov/connect/blog/profundity-malian-greeting/. Confirm social appropriateness and phonology against a speaker or scholarly grammar before examination use.

12. Ninety-lesson academic programme

Scope note: These ninety distinct units are detailed source-based lesson briefs, not fully authored ninety-chapter coursebooks. They establish the research activities, linguistic progression and evidence standards required before course video, audio or PDF production.

Module 1: Language identity and geo-historical setting

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 1: Establish the language's correct name and alternatives. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 2: Map speech communities and historical regions. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 3: Verify language catalogue identifiers. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 4: Review regional varieties and naming boundaries. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 5: Trace early documentary evidence. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 6: Identify a modern descriptive grammar. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 7: Document official and educational contexts. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 8: Evaluate speaker-count claims by census year. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 9: Prepare a sourced language identity summary. Specific application: The Manding language continuum and Bambara identity. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 2: Sounds, writing systems and source notation

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Mali's language and literacy history. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 10: Describe original writing-system history. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 11: Compare consonant descriptions. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 12: Compare vowel descriptions. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 13: Analyze contrastive prosodic patterns. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 14: Test sound-to-symbol correspondences. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 15: Check handwriting and print conventions. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 16: Compare transcription standards. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 17: Locate an original-language sound recording. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 18: Build a sourced phonological inventory. Specific application: Mali's language and literacy history. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 3: Core lexical evidence and semantic fields

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 19: Compile ten source-verified words. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 20: Identify personal and family terminology. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 21: Analyze number words and counting contexts. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 22: Research place and direction lexicon. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 23: Document time and date expressions. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 24: Identify natural-environment vocabulary. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 25: Compare word senses and polysemy. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 26: Review loans and related inherited words. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 27: Create a lexical evidence ledger. Specific application: Latin orthography and N’Ko as alternative scripts. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 4: Nouns, participants and modifiers

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 28: Document singular, plural and other nominal distinctions. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 29: Identify reference forms and pronouns. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 30: Examine ownership and possession. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 31: Analyze demonstratives and spatial reference. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 32: Collect attested adjective constructions. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 33: Identify nominal derivation patterns. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 34: Compare noun phrase ordering. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 35: Document case, adpositions or clitics where attested. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 36: Annotate a sourced noun phrase. Specific application: Bambara tone and vowel quality. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 5: Verbs, tense, aspect and clause structure

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 37: Document finite verb stems from a grammar. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 38: Examine subject and agreement markings. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 39: Review tense and temporal interpretation. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 40: Analyze aspect and aspectual particles. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 41: Check negative sentence constructions. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 42: Document imperative clauses. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 43: Investigate interrogative clauses. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 44: Compare basic clause word order. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 45: Annotate a sourced verb-clause example. Specific application: Subject–auxiliary–object–verb construction. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 6: Conversation and situated pragmatics

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 46: Identify greeting norms and speaker relationship. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 47: Review thanks and apology constructions. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 48: Document yes-no questions. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 49: Analyze request and offer expressions. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 50: Examine respectful speech registers. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 51: Study turn-taking and acknowledgment. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 52: Investigate conversational repair. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 53: Compare community-specific politeness contexts. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 54: Annotate a verified short dialogue. Specific application: Predicative markers and verbal aspect. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 7: Oral literature, culture and documentary history

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 55: Catalog oral literary genres. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 56: Read a source-attributed narrative. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 57: Analyze performance and quotation contexts. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 58: Describe historical religious and secular writing. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 59: Identify local cultural terminology. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 60: Examine family, community and public roles. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 61: Discuss historical geography through texts. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 62: Check original-source dates and transmission. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 63: Write a literary-context reflection. Specific application: Postpositions and noun phrase structure. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 8: Language contact, literacy and language variation

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 64: Trace multilingual contact environments. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 65: Identify written and spoken registers. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 66: Compare competing writing conventions. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 67: Study school and adult literacy materials. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 68: Document lexical borrowing cases. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 69: Review translation and code-switching. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 70: Compare dialect data using source metadata. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 71: Study contemporary broadcasting and publication. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 72: Create a culturally responsive literacy worksheet. Specific application: Greeting exchanges and social pragmatics. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 9: Comparative research and corpus annotation

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 73: Compare genealogical hypotheses. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 74: Investigate regular sound correspondences. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 75: Separate borrowing from inheritance. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 76: Build a small annotated corpus. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 77: Apply interlinear glossing conventions. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 78: Evaluate source bias and incomplete documentation. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 79: Review competing grammatical analyses. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 80: Check community permissions and copyright. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 81: Prepare a short comparative research report. Specific application: Jula and Maninka comparisons with source attribution. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Module 10: Advanced practice and research portfolio

Module-specific specialization for Bambara: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Every unit requires an explicitly sourced language example, a critical assessment of its spelling or grammar, and comparison with community or research documentation.

Lesson 82: Compile a forty-entry sourced wordlist. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 83: Create a verified orthography reference. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 84: Analyze a documented noun paradigm. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 85: Analyze a documented verb paradigm. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 86: Transcribe an authorized short recording. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 87: Design an attested conversation exercise. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 88: Write a source-graded social language history. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 89: Peer-review the bibliography. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

Lesson 90: Submit a final encyclopedia research dossier. Specific application: Oral storytelling and modern Bambara media. Learning objective: identify the original claim in a suitable Bambara resource, distinguish the community variety and orthographic convention, and evaluate the claim against an independent reference. Study activity: select an actually documented word, phrase, text segment or metadata record, preserve its original form, annotate a reliable translation and record source details. Knowledge check: explain why the evidence supports the analysis and describe one alternative interpretation or limitation. Written deliverable: a source-graded paragraph, an original comparative observation, and a short question with answer rationale.

13. Research assignments, assessment and supplemental materials

Recommended supplementary resources include carefully cleared audio recordings, target-language texts with aligned translations, an orthography chart, grammar-paradigm worksheets supported by published evidence, cultural-history reading, local variation notes and independent research exercises. These are a proposed teaching design, not a claim that ninety fully narrated lessons, PDF textbooks, videos, examinations or certification have already been deployed.

Assessment scheme: source documentation and citation accuracy 25%, sound and writing analysis 15%, verified morphology and syntax 25%, culturally informed interpretation 15%, final original encyclopedia dossier 20%. Successful work should be checked against native-speaker expertise where possible, especially for dialectal acceptability and meaningful use.

14. Academic sources and bibliography

1. Glottolog Bambara language. Verify underlying edition and the applicable language variety before transferring its data.
2. US Peace Corps: Malian greeting sequence. Verify underlying edition and the applicable language variety before transferring its data.
3. Bambara writing systems and alphabet primer. Verify underlying edition and the applicable language variety before transferring its data.
4. Bird and colleagues: introductory Bambara (bibliography). Verify underlying edition and the applicable language variety before transferring its data.
5. Bird and Kanté: intermediate Bambara (bibliography). Verify underlying edition and the applicable language variety before transferring its data.

Editorial integrity: Classification and identifiers were verified against published catalogues. Short examples retain source attributions; the full lesson outline has not been separately reviewed as ninety completed target-language textbooks. No fabricated original-language dialogue is supplied.