Georgian — Original Living Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Academic Guide

ANLHE scholarly reference edition, 9 November 2026. Academic language description and ninety individually numbered documentary learning activities. These learning briefs are not ninety completed spoken-language textbooks.

Autonym: ქართული ენა | ISO 639-3: kat | Glottocode: nucl1302 | Region: Georgia, neighboring Georgian-speaking communities and diaspora | Family: Kartvelian; Georgian-Zan

1. Identity and the Kartvelian language family

Georgian, ქართული ენა, is a living Kartvelian language with ISO 639-3 kat and Glottocode nucl1302. Kartvelian is genealogically distinct from Indo-European, Turkic and Northwest Caucasian families despite geographic contact. Similarity of place names is not evidence of close language ancestry.

Critical source task: identify a dated grammar, archive or oral-source account, document its regional variety and source orthography, and explain what is directly attested versus analytically inferred. A neighbouring language’s vocabulary, an unverified translated sentence or a modernized historical form must never masquerade as genuine original-language evidence.

2. Other Kartvelian languages and speech varieties

Georgian is related to but distinct from Mingrelian, Laz and Svan. Standard Georgian has regional vernacular varieties and different historical registers. Lexical forms from Svan or Mingrelian cannot be inserted into Georgian lessons as if they were dialect spellings of the same language.

3. Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli

Georgian has a famous three-script heritage, including Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli. The modern Mkhedruli alphabet uses 33 letters, while historical religious manuscripts may employ different forms. A learner must separate a manuscript's script from a modern transliteration.

4. Historical inscriptional and literary evidence

Early Georgian inscriptions and medieval manuscript traditions establish important written evidence. The specific dates and provenances of records require scholarly citation. Older orthographic conventions and ecclesiastical registers do not automatically represent contemporary spoken forms.

5. Consonant clusters and ejectives

Georgian phonology includes ejective stops and affricates, contrasted in descriptions with voiced and aspirated series. Georgian also permits complex consonant clusters. Sound values should be taught from authoritative recordings or IPA, not by mapping Georgian characters to their closest English letters.

6. Vowels and phonetic analyses

Descriptions generally recognize a five-vowel system, but individual vowel realizations and regional phonetics must be checked in the relevant source. A transliteration system is an editorial aid, not evidence that one Latin character uniquely represents a Georgian phoneme.

7. Nominal cases and relational marking

Georgian morphology traditionally includes nominative, ergative, dative and other case forms, alongside postpositions and noun-phrase markers. The ergative is part of a larger alignment system and cannot be taught simply as the Georgian equivalent of an English grammatical subject.

8. Verbal screeves and agreement

Georgian verbal descriptions organize tense, aspect and mood in screeves or related paradigmatic systems. Verbs may encode information about multiple participants and involve complex stem alternations. An authentic, segmented sentence is required before generalizing a conjugation.

9. Split ergativity and clause construction

Georgian alignment interacts with verb class and tense-aspect series, including patterns associated with aorist constructions. Different analytical traditions describe exceptions and more complex distributions. A single simplistic rule that Georgian always has ergative subjects would mislead learners.

10. Modern literature, oral language and source ethics

Georgian has extensive literary, poetic, documentary and media traditions. Speech-region, genre, historical period and transliteration policy should accompany every quotation. The ninety-part pathway below is an academic research syllabus and does not substitute for a full native-speaker-reviewed course.

11. Source-verified example methodology

The examples used to create a fluent learner course must include exact original spelling, source edition and page, speech variety, translation in context and phonetic recording if pronunciation is taught. This encyclopedia does not supply an invented full dialogue where an original recording or grammar has not been verified. A bibliographic source and a reconstructed form are not interchangeable evidence types.

12. Comprehensive ninety-lesson documentary learning sequence

There are ten modules with nine specific, independently numbered learning objectives each. Every lesson assigns an original source-based analytical task and an accountable deliverable. Full target-language readings, original audio, multiple-choice assessments and student textbooks require separate creation and specialist verification.

Module 1: Documentary identity

Language-specific focus: Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 1: Name the language and self-designation. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 2: Check ISO classification. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 3: Check Glottocode. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 4: Describe speaker communities. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 5: Locate historical geographic sources. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 6: Separate dialect and national labels. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 7: Find primary descriptions. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 8: Review literature chronology. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 9: Make an evidence-graded identity record. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Kartvelian identity and Georgian-speaking regions in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 2: Genealogy and contact

Language-specific focus: Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 10: Determine family placement. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 11: Identify nearest relatives. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 12: Compare regular sound correspondences. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 13: Investigate historical stages. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 14: Distinguish borrowing from inheritance. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 15: Assess substrate claims. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 16: Examine language contact settings. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 17: Review classification debates. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 18: Write a comparative genealogy account. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Georgian versus Svan, Mingrelian and Laz in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 3: Writing and orthography

Language-specific focus: Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 19: Identify modern alphabet. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 20: Compare historical scripts. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 21: Document significant graphemes. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 22: Review diacritics and digraphs. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 23: Compare transliteration conventions. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 24: Check text encoding accuracy. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 25: Investigate orthographic reforms. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 26: Compare original manuscript and print. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 27: Compile a script evidence dossier. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli script history in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 4: Sounds and pronunciation

Language-specific focus: historical inscriptions and literary genres. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 28: Verify consonant inventory. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 29: Verify vowel inventory. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 30: Study stress or tone where applicable. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 31: Investigate length or phonation. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 32: Review distinctive consonant contrasts. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 33: Compare regional pronunciations. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 34: Study syllable and cluster structure. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 35: Annotate a sourced recording. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 36: Prepare a phonetic evidence chart. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about historical inscriptions and literary genres in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 5: Lexicon and semantics

Language-specific focus: ejectives and consonant clusters. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 37: Document family terms. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 38: Examine numerals and counting. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 39: Research greetings by community. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 40: Collect spatial and place vocabulary. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 41: Investigate time terms. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 42: Study semantic extensions. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 43: Review loanword etymologies. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 44: Compare dictionaries and registers. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 45: Create a sourced lexical workbook outline. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about ejectives and consonant clusters in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 6: Nominal constructions

Language-specific focus: vowel qualities and pronunciation sources. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 46: Analyze noun stems. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 47: Study case or article systems. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 48: Investigate singular and plural forms. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 49: Study person and pronouns. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 50: Analyze possession. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 51: Review determiners. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 52: Compare modifiers and agreement. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 53: Examine noun phrase order. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 54: Annotate a real nominal phrase. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about vowel qualities and pronunciation sources in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 7: Verb and sentence grammar

Language-specific focus: nominative, ergative and dative cases. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 55: Identify original verb stem. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 56: Study person marking. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 57: Investigate tense and time. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 58: Examine aspect and verbal classes. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 59: Study mood or evidential meanings. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 60: Analyze negation. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 61: Investigate interrogatives. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 62: Compare information structure. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 63: Interlinearize a sourced full clause. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about nominative, ergative and dative cases in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 8: Everyday language and discourse

Language-specific focus: screeve systems and participant agreement. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 64: Locate attested greeting exchange. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 65: Study respectful forms. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 66: Analyze questions and answers. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 67: Compare requests and invitations. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 68: Investigate discourse markers. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 69: Study turn-taking. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 70: Compare conversation registers. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 71: Review dialectal expressions. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 72: Annotate authorized natural dialogue. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about screeve systems and participant agreement in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 9: Historical text and literature

Language-specific focus: split ergativity and source-attested clauses. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 73: Locate an original narrative. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 74: Describe a historic written source. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 75: Review poetic traditions. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 76: Compare literary and colloquial language. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 77: Study language in education. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 78: Investigate public media. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 79: Analyze regional text features. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 80: Document text and recording rights. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 81: Write a literary-source review. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about split ergativity and source-attested clauses in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Module 10: Final source-graded research

Language-specific focus: an original-script Georgian research dossier. Source work requires a named variety, a date, and a clearly documented text, grammar or authorized audio record.

Lesson 82: Build an annotated bibliography. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 83: Prepare a forty-item sourced wordlist. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 84: Audit original orthography. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 85: Review phonology with original recordings. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 86: Analyze nominal morphology. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 87: Analyze a verb clause. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 88: Design an ethical authentic exercise. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 89: Conduct independent source cross-check. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

Lesson 90: Submit a documentary encyclopedia portfolio. Research problem: what does independent original evidence establish about an original-script Georgian research dossier in Georgian? Locate a named scholarly description, original written text or consented speech recording. Document the exact script, language variety and publication date. Compare one other independent description, discuss any disagreements and interpret only the supported linguistic facts. Individual assessment: submit an original analytic paragraph, a concise two-source evidence table and one critical question with answer and source limitation. Do not generate unattested words, dialogues or paradigms.

13. Assessment and proposed supplementary learning materials

Future teaching materials should include permission-cleared recordings, original script charts, verified example words, annotated authentic clauses, linguistic maps, accessible text extracts and tested exercises with answer keys. They are recommendations rather than a representation that such files have already been uploaded. Suggested research assessment: sources and citations (25%), writing and phonetic accuracy (15%), grammar and sentence analysis (25%), community-aware context (15%), and an original scholarly capstone (20%).

14. Bibliography and editorial transparency

Glottolog Georgian. Check the relevant original publication, variety and evidence before teaching forms.
WALS Georgian bibliographic survey. Check the relevant original publication, variety and evidence before teaching forms.
Ilia State University Basic Georgian textbook. Check the relevant original publication, variety and evidence before teaching forms.
Research on Georgian split ergativity. Check the relevant original publication, variety and evidence before teaching forms.

Transparency: The catalogue codes, classification and broad documented linguistic features are sourced. The ninety numbered activities are original academic research briefs, not ninety complete target-language textbook chapters or recordings.