1. Language and geographic identity

ANLHE Solomon Islands linguistic identity audit (November 2026): Arosi is an Oceanic Austronesian language of northwestern Makira (San Cristobal), Solomon Islands. The government environmental survey records Arosi and the neighboring Makira languages Fagani, Kahua, Owa and Tairaha separately. These are distinct geographical and linguistic records and must not be collapsed into a single standard grammar for Makira. Language inventory and classification reference.

Arosi is historically associated with western Makira, Solomon Islands. Distinguish this language from neighboring vernaculars, historically combined dictionaries and alternative names.

2. Documentation and historical development

Arosi is a distinct Oceanic language of the Makira region and should not be collapsed into Saʻa or Ulawa because of linguistic relatedness.

3. Sounds, written form and lexical distinctions

Charles E. Fox’s Arosi Dictionary was published in 1978 as Pacific Linguistics Series C, volume 57, providing a specific major documentary source.

4. Language grammar and structure

A dictionary’s bibliographic record does not prove a complete grammatical paradigm, exact current pronunciation or the existence of ninety finished native-language lesson texts. The page treats the dictionary as a starting point for original forms, with pronouns, verbal constructions, clause structure and narrative texts framed as evidence-seeking tasks rather than invented descriptions.

5. Context, education and culture

Interpret maritime and island geography, family terminology, oral history and linguistic contact from authentic sources. Historical accounts do not automatically describe present-day social conditions.

6. Bibliography

1. Charles E. Fox, Arosi Dictionary (1978), Pacific Linguistics C-57: https://www.solomonencyclopaedia.net/bib/P00000709.htm

7. Source-grounded themes

1. western Makira geography
2. Fox 1978 dictionary
3. Pacific Linguistics C-57
4. original orthography
5. lexical documentation
6. dictionary entries
7. native phrase verification
8. Oceanic classification
9. historical editorial practice
10. community source checking

8. Ninety-lesson structure

The following nine modules each contain ten research lessons. Every objective requires precise source verification; a topic without a directly attested original sentence is a research assignment, not an invented language lesson.

Module 1: Language history and community — Lessons 1–10

Language-specific anchor: western Makira geography. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

1. Lesson 1: Place and community — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
2. Lesson 2: Autonym — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
3. Lesson 3: Genealogical affiliation — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
4. Lesson 4: Nearby languages — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
5. Lesson 5: First documents — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
6. Lesson 6: Later editions — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
7. Lesson 7: Community collaborators — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
8. Lesson 8: Historical naming — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
9. Lesson 9: Research chronology — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
10. Lesson 10: Bibliographic limits — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 2: Alphabet and pronunciation — Lessons 11–20

Language-specific anchor: Fox 1978 dictionary. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

11. Lesson 11: Original script and typography — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
12. Lesson 12: Consonants — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
13. Lesson 13: Vowels — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
14. Lesson 14: Syllables — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
15. Lesson 15: Stress — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
16. Lesson 16: Sound alternations — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
17. Lesson 17: Diacritics — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
18. Lesson 18: Phonetic notation — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
19. Lesson 19: Audio comparison — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
20. Lesson 20: Orthographic review — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 3: Verified vocabulary — Lessons 21–30

Language-specific anchor: Pacific Linguistics C-57. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

21. Lesson 21: Headword transcription — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
22. Lesson 22: Body-related terms — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
23. Lesson 23: Kinship words — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
24. Lesson 24: Place vocabulary — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
25. Lesson 25: Environmental terms — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
26. Lesson 26: Marine words — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
27. Lesson 27: Numbers — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
28. Lesson 28: Motion and direction — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
29. Lesson 29: Loanwords — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
30. Lesson 30: Ten-word evidence sheet — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 4: Nouns and pronouns — Lessons 31–40

Language-specific anchor: original orthography. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

31. Lesson 31: Noun phrases — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
32. Lesson 32: Person reference — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
33. Lesson 33: Singular forms — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
34. Lesson 34: Dual forms if documented — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
35. Lesson 35: Plural forms — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
36. Lesson 36: Articles — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
37. Lesson 37: Demonstratives — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
38. Lesson 38: Possession — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
39. Lesson 39: Pronoun suffixes — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
40. Lesson 40: Noun phrase analysis — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 5: Verbs and sentences — Lessons 41–50

Language-specific anchor: lexical documentation. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

41. Lesson 41: Verb classes — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
42. Lesson 42: Transitive marking — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
43. Lesson 43: Time reference — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
44. Lesson 44: Aspect interpretation — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
45. Lesson 45: Negation — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
46. Lesson 46: Questions — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
47. Lesson 47: Commands — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
48. Lesson 48: Clause order — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
49. Lesson 49: Complex clauses — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
50. Lesson 50: Sentence annotation — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 6: Texts and translation — Lessons 51–60

Language-specific anchor: dictionary entries. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

51. Lesson 51: Select source passage — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
52. Lesson 52: Source date and narrator — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
53. Lesson 53: Copy original text — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
54. Lesson 54: Segment words — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
55. Lesson 55: Gloss morphology — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
56. Lesson 56: Literal translation — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
57. Lesson 57: Context translation — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
58. Lesson 58: Narrative structure — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural context — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
60. Lesson 60: Text commentary — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 7: Comparison and contact — Lessons 61–70

Language-specific anchor: native phrase verification. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

61. Lesson 61: Historical connections — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
62. Lesson 62: Cognate evidence — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
63. Lesson 63: False cognates — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
64. Lesson 64: Contact borrowing — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
65. Lesson 65: Different word meanings — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
66. Lesson 66: Sound correspondences — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
67. Lesson 67: Older versus newer works — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
68. Lesson 68: Local variation — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
69. Lesson 69: Reconstructions and limits — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
70. Lesson 70: Comparative report — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 8: Culture and documentation — Lessons 71–80

Language-specific anchor: Oceanic classification. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

71. Lesson 71: Community knowledge — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
72. Lesson 72: Local ecology — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
73. Lesson 73: Maritime traditions — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
74. Lesson 74: Kinship settings — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
75. Lesson 75: Historical education — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
76. Lesson 76: Multilingual relations — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
77. Lesson 77: Archive rights — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
78. Lesson 78: Speaker credit — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
79. Lesson 79: Community review — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
80. Lesson 80: Sustainable preservation — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

Module 9: Research portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Language-specific anchor: historical editorial practice. Each assignment must distinguish original source data from translation, editorial interpretation and a research hypothesis.

81. Lesson 81: Annotated sources — historical editorial practice. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
82. Lesson 82: Sound chart — community source checking. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
83. Lesson 83: Spelling concordance — western Makira geography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
84. Lesson 84: Mini-lexicon — Fox 1978 dictionary. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun evidence — Pacific Linguistics C-57. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
86. Lesson 86: Verb evidence — original orthography. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
87. Lesson 87: One cited text — lexical documentation. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
88. Lesson 88: Historical study — dictionary entries. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
89. Lesson 89: Ethics memorandum — native phrase verification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.
90. Lesson 90: Final dossier — Oceanic classification. Study original documentary evidence where available; identify the exact source, its date and spelling, explain what is verified and describe any remaining uncertainty. Output: annotated citation and linguistic analysis.

9. Scholarly standards

This page contains 90 separately named research lessons, not 90 complete book chapters or audiovisual lessons. Direct original-language examples require source-page or recording verification. Do not invent historic writing systems, grammatical paradigms or current speaker counts. Community attribution and reproduction rights must be respected.