1. Language, geography and identity

West Futuna and Aniwa islands in southern Vanuatu. Janet W. D. Dougherty published West Futuna-Aniwa: An Introduction to a Polynesian Outlier Language in 1983. Arthur Capell’s 1984 Futuna-Aniwa Dictionary with Grammatical Introduction supplies a complementary lexicographic witness. Their descriptions differ in emphasis and completeness: Dougherty analyzed West Futuna more comprehensively than Aniwa. Historical source dates must be attached to individual claims.

Language names and regional varieties are presented according to community-sensitive scholarly descriptions. A source’s publication date is not evidence of the language’s origin date, and historical speaker estimates are not current demographic facts.

2. Alphabet, authentic orthography and sound systems

The two island varieties require comparison of actual source spellings and phonemes rather than an assumed single invariant orthography. Dougherty’s phonology, annotated lexicon and narrative material supply a foundation for source-based pronunciation assignments; the representation of vowels and consonants should be preserved from the cited edition.

Students must distinguish alphabetic characters, phonetic transcription and analytic notation. Old and contemporary spelling systems may encode different features. Unsupported hypotheses about a pre-contact writing system are excluded.

3. Nouns, verbs, grammar and syntax

The descriptions document an unusual pronoun system including a trial category, syntactic variation and serial constructions. The 2025 comparative study by Catriona Malau and Amy Dewar reassesses how possessive constructions retain Polynesian a and o contrasts; older descriptions and recent corpora should be compared with their dates and settings clearly labeled.

For every grammatical claim, document the relevant original-language evidence before generating English explanatory examples. Source limitations are substantive information, not gaps to conceal with plausible but invented language material.

4. Historically documented lexical sample

This selective lexicon uses only forms traceable to the sources indicated below. Definitions are concise summaries of the archival glosses and may not reflect every contextual sense.

• a: possessive-class marker discussed in the comparative literature.
• o: contrasting possessive-class marker.
• Futuna: geographic name; not a generated lexical sentence.
• Aniwa: geographic name; not a generated lexical sentence.

These isolated words do not authorize construction of unattested sentences or paradigms. All expanded examples require independent checking against the full edition.

5. Community life, historical use and language contact

Island geography, kinship, voyages, local ecology, settlement mobility and changing contact languages can all bear on lexical usage. Rather than implying a static culture, the encyclopedia asks how distinct decades of source collection shape observations. Community collaborators should be credited and knowledge restrictions respected.

6. Source register and scholarly bibliography

• Dougherty (1983), West Futuna-Aniwa. https://grambank.clld.org/sources/gDoughertyWFutunaAniwa
• Capell (1984), Futuna-Aniwa Dictionary. https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=ha000356844
• Malau and Dewar (2025), Vanuatu Polynesian Outlier possession. https://nzlingsoc.org/journal_article/change-and-variation-in-the-possessive-systems-of-the-vanuatu-polynesian-outliers/

These links identify the scholarly witnesses or source data. They are not claims that every original sentence has been independently rechecked against the printed page. Add exact page or recording details before issuing finished instructional workbooks.

7. Nine-module learning design

Each module has ten distinct topics, yielding ninety numbered documentary lessons. Evidence requirements, source criticism, phonological literacy and respectful research methods are integrated throughout.

Module 1: Historical geography and identity — Lessons 1 to 10

Module focus: West Futuna source, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

1. Lesson 1: community name — West Futuna source. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
2. Lesson 2: atoll or island geography — Aniwa source limitations. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
3. Lesson 3: language affiliation — Dougherty 1983. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
4. Lesson 4: related-language distinction — Capell 1984. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
5. Lesson 5: documentary time line — trial pronouns. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
6. Lesson 6: source bibliographies — a and o possession. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
7. Lesson 7: fieldwork history — serial constructions. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
8. Lesson 8: community voice — narrative texts. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
9. Lesson 9: historical contact — lexical appendices. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
10. Lesson 10: evidence-quality audit — 2025 comparison. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 2: Writing and phonology — Lessons 11 to 20

Module focus: Aniwa source limitations, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

11. Lesson 11: original orthography — Aniwa source limitations. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
12. Lesson 12: consonant inventory — Dougherty 1983. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
13. Lesson 13: vowel inventory — Capell 1984. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
14. Lesson 14: length notation — trial pronouns. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
15. Lesson 15: syllabification — a and o possession. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
16. Lesson 16: stress evidence — serial constructions. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
17. Lesson 17: dialectal spelling — narrative texts. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
18. Lesson 18: transcription choices — lexical appendices. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
19. Lesson 19: audio cross-checking — 2025 comparison. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
20. Lesson 20: citation fidelity — West Futuna source. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 3: Authentic vocabulary — Lessons 21 to 30

Module focus: Dougherty 1983, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

21. Lesson 21: headword organization — Dougherty 1983. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
22. Lesson 22: body parts — Capell 1984. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
23. Lesson 23: kinship terminology — trial pronouns. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
24. Lesson 24: land and sea — a and o possession. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
25. Lesson 25: weather words — serial constructions. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
26. Lesson 26: movement verbs — narrative texts. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
27. Lesson 27: agricultural lexicon — lexical appendices. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
28. Lesson 28: numerals — 2025 comparison. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
29. Lesson 29: loanwords — West Futuna source. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
30. Lesson 30: ten-word verified glossary — Aniwa source limitations. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 4: Pronouns and nominal relations — Lessons 31 to 40

Module focus: Capell 1984, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

31. Lesson 31: first-person categories — Capell 1984. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
32. Lesson 32: second-person categories — trial pronouns. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
33. Lesson 33: third-person categories — a and o possession. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
34. Lesson 34: number contrasts — serial constructions. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
35. Lesson 35: inclusion distinctions — narrative texts. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
36. Lesson 36: nominal heads — lexical appendices. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
37. Lesson 37: demonstratives — 2025 comparison. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
38. Lesson 38: possession — West Futuna source. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
39. Lesson 39: case and role — Aniwa source limitations. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
40. Lesson 40: documented noun phrase — Dougherty 1983. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 5: Verbs and morphosyntax — Lessons 41 to 50

Module focus: trial pronouns, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

41. Lesson 41: verbal lexemes — trial pronouns. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
42. Lesson 42: aspectual evidence — a and o possession. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
43. Lesson 43: temporal marking — serial constructions. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
44. Lesson 44: mood — narrative texts. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
45. Lesson 45: negation — lexical appendices. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
46. Lesson 46: interrogatives — 2025 comparison. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
47. Lesson 47: transitivity — West Futuna source. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
48. Lesson 48: word order — Aniwa source limitations. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
49. Lesson 49: derivation — Dougherty 1983. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
50. Lesson 50: clause analysis — Capell 1984. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 6: Attested texts and discourse — Lessons 51 to 60

Module focus: a and o possession, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

51. Lesson 51: locate original text — a and o possession. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
52. Lesson 52: identify storyteller — serial constructions. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
53. Lesson 53: historical setting — narrative texts. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
54. Lesson 54: source segmentation — lexical appendices. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
55. Lesson 55: word-by-word gloss — 2025 comparison. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
56. Lesson 56: literal translation — West Futuna source. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
57. Lesson 57: idiomatic translation — Aniwa source limitations. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
58. Lesson 58: narrative structure — Dougherty 1983. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
59. Lesson 59: genre — Capell 1984. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
60. Lesson 60: commentary — trial pronouns. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 7: Comparative and historical study — Lessons 61 to 70

Module focus: serial constructions, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

61. Lesson 61: cognate methodology — serial constructions. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
62. Lesson 62: ancestral forms — narrative texts. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
63. Lesson 63: borrowing diagnostics — lexical appendices. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
64. Lesson 64: phonological innovation — 2025 comparison. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
65. Lesson 65: lexical replacement — West Futuna source. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
66. Lesson 66: island-to-island interaction — Aniwa source limitations. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
67. Lesson 67: dated descriptions — Dougherty 1983. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
68. Lesson 68: speaker variety — Capell 1984. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
69. Lesson 69: limits of inference — trial pronouns. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
70. Lesson 70: historical case study — a and o possession. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 8: Cultural ecology and responsible documentation — Lessons 71 to 80

Module focus: narrative texts, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

71. Lesson 71: maritime life — narrative texts. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
72. Lesson 72: local ecology — lexical appendices. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
73. Lesson 73: kinship narratives — 2025 comparison. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
74. Lesson 74: language transmission — West Futuna source. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
75. Lesson 75: migration — Aniwa source limitations. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
76. Lesson 76: contact languages — Dougherty 1983. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
77. Lesson 77: religious and ceremonial register — Capell 1984. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
78. Lesson 78: archival metadata — trial pronouns. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
79. Lesson 79: speaker consent — a and o possession. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
80. Lesson 80: community-led scholarship — serial constructions. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

Module 9: Advanced research portfolio — Lessons 81 to 90

Module focus: lexical appendices, assessed in relation to Futuna-Aniwa and its actual research record. Each lesson develops a separately identifiable competence with a citation trail and clear uncertainty annotations.

81. Lesson 81: annotated bibliography — lexical appendices. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
82. Lesson 82: orthography table — 2025 comparison. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
83. Lesson 83: phonological contrast analysis — West Futuna source. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
84. Lesson 84: lexicon study — Aniwa source limitations. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
85. Lesson 85: pronoun study — Dougherty 1983. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
86. Lesson 86: verbal study — Capell 1984. Present an evidence-based research question and list what original speaker or archival data would be needed to answer it. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
87. Lesson 87: annotated text — trial pronouns. Extract only directly attested forms from the named source and include original spelling, gloss, attribution and page or entry identifier. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
88. Lesson 88: comparison of sources — a and o possession. Compare the source treatment with a related documented phenomenon and explain why borrowing a neighboring language’s forms would be invalid. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
89. Lesson 89: documentation ethics — serial constructions. Prepare a short annotated evidence table distinguishing observation, descriptive interpretation and unverified hypothesis. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.
90. Lesson 90: final scholarly synthesis — narrative texts. Identify a relevant passage or lexical entry, assess its historical setting and state at least one source limitation. Expected submission: a cited document note, specific linguistic interpretation, and careful statement of what remains unknown.

8. Evidence boundaries and editorial integrity

No undocumented grammar form, invented local sentence, fabricated antiquity or current speaker population is supplied as fact. Where available sources are limited to basic vocabulary, lessons on morphology and discourse are proposals for further verified research rather than a false claim of complete documentation. Respect manuscript permissions and speaker authorship in any future learning materials.