1. Community and documentary identity

ANLHE Solomon Islands linguistic identity audit (November 2026): Ghanongga, also documented as Kubokota or Kumbokota, is an Oceanic Austronesian language of Ranongga in the western Solomon Islands. Glottolog lists ISO 639-3 ghn and Glottocode ghan1242. Alternate community and language names are not separate independent ISO codes, and descriptions of neighboring Lungga or Roviana must not be substituted for Ghanongga forms. Language inventory and classification reference.

Ghanongga (Kubokota) is associated with Ranongga Island, Western Province, Solomon Islands. ISO 639-3: ghn. The language’s history must be distinguished from scholarly documentation dates. Mary Ruth Chambers’s 2009 SOAS thesis Which Way Is Up? studies Kubokota motion verbs, semantics of paths, coastal and slope-based orientation, and serial verb constructions. Comparative Ghanongga wordlists draw on Tryon and Hackman (1983). The names Kubokota and Ghanongga should be given their appropriate local or research context, not assumed to make all varieties identical.

2. Orthography, phonology and source fidelity

Source orthography and phonetic transcription should follow the actual work quoted. An older literacy survey discusses Roviana writing conventions in relation to Ghanongga but does not establish identical pronunciation or all writing practices.

3. Grammar and original source analysis

Chambers finds that motion events cannot be fully classified by a simple verb-framed versus satellite-framed binary. A motion verb may conflate path, manner, source, goal, route or deixis; serial verbs and geocentric frames are fundamental. The dissertation distinguishes goal-oriented and source-oriented constructions and their interpretation, a strong basis for grounded lessons.

4. Lexical evidence and metadata

The forms below are limited source-attested examples or explicitly labeled catalog metadata; they are not a complete native-language phrasebook.

• ghn: ISO code, not a lexical word
• Kubokota: language or variety name used in the 2009 thesis

Never generate unattested sentences by recombining headwords.

5. Social and cultural interpretation

undefined Historic fieldwork is not a current demographic census, and attributed narratives may require permission for reproduction.

6. Research sources

1. Chambers 2009, SOAS doctoral thesis. https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/418395
2. ASJP Ghanongga historical data. https://asjp.clld.org/languages/GHANONGGA
3. Surrey Morphology Group bibliography. https://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/languages/northwest-solomonic/bibliography/new-georgia/

Each fuller lesson must add page, entry or recording references.

7. Specific research themes

1. Ranongga communities
2. Kubokota nomenclature
3. Chambers 2009 thesis
4. motion path semantics
5. verb serializations
6. source and goal
7. coastline frames
8. slope frames
9. elicitation and frog-story narratives
10. historical wordlists

8. Ninety-lesson research framework

Nine thematic modules of ten lessons each lead from primary-source reading to linguistics and responsible language documentation. Every lesson has a topic, its language-specific focus, and a verification assignment.

Module 1: Identity, chronology and communities — Lessons 1 to 10

Documentary anchor: Ranongga communities. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

1. Lesson 1: Names and geographic distribution — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
2. Lesson 2: Subgroup classification — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
3. Lesson 3: Independent language identity — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
4. Lesson 4: Research publication chronology — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
5. Lesson 5: Original field collection — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
6. Lesson 6: Dictionary and lexical editions — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
7. Lesson 7: Community scholarship — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
8. Lesson 8: Historical contact context — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
9. Lesson 9: Source genre limitations — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
10. Lesson 10: Bibliographic assessment — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 2: Sound system and orthography — Lessons 11 to 20

Documentary anchor: Kubokota nomenclature. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

11. Lesson 11: Written symbols and citations — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
12. Lesson 12: Consonants in source editions — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
13. Lesson 13: Vowels and vocalic qualities — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
14. Lesson 14: Syllable structures — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
15. Lesson 15: Stress and prosody — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
16. Lesson 16: Phonation and length if attested — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
17. Lesson 17: Orthography across generations — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
18. Lesson 18: Linguistic IPA — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
19. Lesson 19: Audio transcription — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
20. Lesson 20: Source-based pronunciation portfolio — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 3: Source lexicon and ecological vocabulary — Lessons 21 to 30

Documentary anchor: Chambers 2009 thesis. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

21. Lesson 21: Dictionary entry provenance — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
22. Lesson 22: Kinship terms — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
23. Lesson 23: Body-related words — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
24. Lesson 24: Forest and plant terms — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
25. Lesson 25: Marine ecology terms — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
26. Lesson 26: Foods and farming — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
27. Lesson 27: Motion expressions — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
28. Lesson 28: Counting and number forms — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
29. Lesson 29: Borrowing and semantic change — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
30. Lesson 30: Ten-source-entry portfolio — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 4: Pronouns and nominal structure — Lessons 31 to 40

Documentary anchor: motion path semantics. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

31. Lesson 31: Nouns and noun phrases — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
32. Lesson 32: Person reference — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
33. Lesson 33: Singular and plural forms — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
34. Lesson 34: Other grammatical number if attested — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
35. Lesson 35: Articles and reference — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
36. Lesson 36: Demonstratives — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
37. Lesson 37: Possession structures — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
38. Lesson 38: Relational markers — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
39. Lesson 39: Nominal modifiers — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
40. Lesson 40: Cited noun phrase analysis — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 5: Verb grammar and syntax — Lessons 41 to 50

Documentary anchor: verb serializations. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

41. Lesson 41: Verb class inventory — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
42. Lesson 42: Argument structure — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
43. Lesson 43: Transitive constructions — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
44. Lesson 44: Tense evidence — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
45. Lesson 45: Aspect and mood — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
46. Lesson 46: Negation — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
47. Lesson 47: Questions and commands — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
48. Lesson 48: Serial verb constructions — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
49. Lesson 49: Clause organization — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
50. Lesson 50: Original clause annotation — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 6: Original texts and translation — Lessons 51 to 60

Documentary anchor: source and goal. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

51. Lesson 51: Source text acquisition — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
52. Lesson 52: Speaker and collector — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
53. Lesson 53: Exact source transcription — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
54. Lesson 54: Word segmentation — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
55. Lesson 55: Grammatical glosses — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
56. Lesson 56: Literal translation — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
57. Lesson 57: Contextual translation — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
58. Lesson 58: Discourse structure — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
59. Lesson 59: Narrative interpretation — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
60. Lesson 60: Critical original-text commentary — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 7: Comparative linguistics and contact — Lessons 61 to 70

Documentary anchor: coastline frames. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

61. Lesson 61: Historical relationship — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
62. Lesson 62: Cognate verification — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
63. Lesson 63: Sound change — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
64. Lesson 64: Contact borrowing — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
65. Lesson 65: Local varieties — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
66. Lesson 66: Comparative grammar — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
67. Lesson 67: Earlier and later sources — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
68. Lesson 68: Source interpretation disputes — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
69. Lesson 69: Uncertain reconstructions — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
70. Lesson 70: Comparative mini-study — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 8: Language transmission and ethics — Lessons 71 to 80

Documentary anchor: slope frames. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

71. Lesson 71: Community leadership — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
72. Lesson 72: Knowledge and place names — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
73. Lesson 73: Oral tradition — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
74. Lesson 74: Ecological traditions — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
75. Lesson 75: Language in everyday life — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
76. Lesson 76: Multilingual settings — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
77. Lesson 77: Recording permissions — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
78. Lesson 78: Archival restrictions — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
79. Lesson 79: Speaker attribution — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
80. Lesson 80: Community-reviewed education — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

Module 9: Advanced documentary portfolio — Lessons 81 to 90

Documentary anchor: elicitation and frog-story narratives. Each exercise demands linguistic specificity and verifiable source attribution.

81. Lesson 81: Annotated bibliography — elicitation and frog-story narratives. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
82. Lesson 82: Phonology notebook — historical wordlists. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
83. Lesson 83: Orthographic concordance — Ranongga communities. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
84. Lesson 84: Verified lexical notebook — Kubokota nomenclature. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
85. Lesson 85: Nominal research note — Chambers 2009 thesis. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
86. Lesson 86: Verbal research note — motion path semantics. Compare alternative analyses in the historical sources, explicitly retaining community names and source-specific transcription. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
87. Lesson 87: Annotated text passage — verb serializations. Document a speaker- or archive-verification step where existing evidence does not establish the proposed form. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
88. Lesson 88: Historical comparison — source and goal. Locate the corresponding original-language witness and note the exact edition, page, timestamp or database entry before interpreting any example. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
89. Lesson 89: Ethical documentation plan — coastline frames. Evaluate the linguistic claim against primary evidence, distinguishing a documented pattern from a typological expectation. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.
90. Lesson 90: Final source-grounded synthesis — slope frames. Create an annotated table with original spelling, translation, source date and any unresolved phonological or grammatical question. Assessment: original source note, independent interpretation and explicitly recorded limits.

9. Editorial boundaries

This is a documented encyclopedia profile with ninety distinct research objectives. No unsupported quotation, imaginary ancient alphabet, invented local phrase or unverified speaker count is certified as fact. Finished language lessons require direct source checking and, where possible, community review.