1. Identity, geographic history and classification

Editorial classification note (November 2026): Glottolog recognizes Koro–Olrat as a language under ISO [krf] while treating Olrat as a dialect with a separately listed ISO [olr]. The distinct historical profile for Olrat does not prove that these are two independent languages under Glottolog’s classification. See Koro–Olrat and Olrat.

Koro (Gaua) is historically associated with Gaua, Banks Islands, Vanuatu. Source identifier: krf. Koro is an Oceanic language of the Banks Islands, distinct from Dorig, Nume and Lakon although all four have long shared Gaua’s multilingual landscape. Olrat is reported by François as intelligible to Koro and Glottolog treats Olrat as a variety within a Koro grouping; these language/dialect taxonomies must be stated rather than treated as settled biological boundaries.

The language’s identity should not be deduced solely from a catalogue label, and documented linguistic varieties must not be conflated with others without analytical support.

2. Documentary timeline, source reliability and vitality

François’s northern Vanuatu 2005 and 2011 comparative research records Koro within the 17-language Torres–Banks network. His 2015 directional system comparison analyzes five indigenous Gaua speech communities and concludes that island-scale and local-scale ‘up/down’ directionals map different axes. These are original research observations, not claims that every word or pronoun matches across these languages.

Source dates, fieldwork sample sizes, reported vitality status and later community circumstances are different categories. Historical estimates must remain explicitly dated rather than promoted to current statistics.

3. Alphabet, phonetics and original-source orthography

Individual Koro orthography and sound values must be recovered from François’s recordings or notes. Regional IPA representations and apparent cognates cannot authenticate a Koro beginner word list without a primary source entry.

Source IPA, community spelling and inherited phonological reconstructions should be separated. There is no reason to invent an ancient alphabet from present-day romanization.

4. Verifiable grammatical and lexical structures

The Gaua directionals are used for wind-oriented remote navigation and land–sea local orientation, with discourse and spatial scale affecting meaning. Identical structural organization across the island does not prove identical Koro lexical items. More detailed pronominal and verbal inflection must come from original Koro recordings.

The academic curriculum prioritizes source-based clause or headword examples. Where no complete reference grammar exists, grammar lessons ask specific documentary questions rather than assert unsupported paradigms.

5. Limited authentic original-language forms and catalogue labels

These forms retain the stated archival conventions. Entries that are codes, names or source annotation labels are not presented as ordinary conversation.

• krf: ISO 639-3 metadata, not an original word
• Koro: language name
• Olrat: closely related variety in some classifications

6. Culture, narrative and community rights

Historical island settlement patterns, navigation, ecological knowledge, kinship and oral narratives inform documentary research. Statements about present-day usage must be separately verified. Research should acknowledge narrators and preserve community control over permissions and cultural representations.

7. Bibliography and primary original-language witnesses

1. François, directional system analysis, ANU research paper. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/165909/2/01_Francois_The_ins_and_outs_of_up_and_2015.pdf
2. François, 2015 Vanuatu languages inventory. https://marama.huma-num.fr/data/Francois-et-al_2015_Languages-of-Vanuatu_Intro-chapter.pdf
3. Glottolog Olrat-Koro relation. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/olra1234

For any expanded example, include the exact source item, page or audio timestamp. Merely naming a grammar does not establish a source-verified dialogue.

8. Ten language-specific scholarly research anchors

1. Koro and Gaua settlement. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
2. 1980s–2010s language surveys. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
3. François 2011 linkage. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
4. François 2015 directionals. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
5. navigation wind axis. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
6. shore–inland axis. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
7. Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
8. Koro versus Nume identity. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
9. Koro versus Lakon identity. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.
10. speaker-attributed recording methods. Formulate a source-checkable hypothesis and distinguish known evidence from open questions.

9. Structure of ninety documented learning objectives

Nine modules contain ten separately numbered, titled and assessed research objectives each. For each, original-source review takes priority over inferred analogies or conjectural reconstructed phrases.

Module 1: Identification, ecology and documentary evidence — Lessons 1–10

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: Koro and Gaua settlement. Complementary question: 1980s–2010s language surveys. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

1. Lesson 1: Local name and classification — Koro and Gaua settlement. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
2. Lesson 2: Settlement geography — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
3. Lesson 3: Distinct speech varieties — François 2011 linkage. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
4. Lesson 4: Language families and related languages — François 2015 directionals. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
5. Lesson 5: First available scholarly source — navigation wind axis. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
6. Lesson 6: Fieldwork date and speaker context — shore–inland axis. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
7. Lesson 7: Archive provenance — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
8. Lesson 8: Historical cultural knowledge — Koro versus Nume identity. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
9. Lesson 9: Time-sensitive speaker-status claims — Koro versus Lakon identity. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
10. Lesson 10: Critical source bibliography — speaker-attributed recording methods. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 2: Orthography and original speech sounds — Lessons 11–20

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: 1980s–2010s language surveys. Complementary question: François 2011 linkage. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

11. Lesson 11: Source transcription and typography — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
12. Lesson 12: Consonants — François 2011 linkage. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
13. Lesson 13: Vowels — François 2015 directionals. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
14. Lesson 14: Syllables — navigation wind axis. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
15. Lesson 15: Prosodic evidence — shore–inland axis. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
16. Lesson 16: Phonetic vs community spelling — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
17. Lesson 17: Accent and vowel notation — Koro versus Nume identity. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
18. Lesson 18: Phonological change — Koro versus Lakon identity. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
19. Lesson 19: Recorded audio annotation — speaker-attributed recording methods. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
20. Lesson 20: Authentic pronunciation research — Koro and Gaua settlement. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 3: Lexicon and source-controlled meaning — Lessons 21–30

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: François 2011 linkage. Complementary question: François 2015 directionals. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

21. Lesson 21: Dictionary and archive records — François 2011 linkage. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
22. Lesson 22: Body-related language — François 2015 directionals. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
23. Lesson 23: Kinship reference — navigation wind axis. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
24. Lesson 24: Seafaring vocabulary — shore–inland axis. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
25. Lesson 25: Plants and land ecology — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
26. Lesson 26: Food and households — Koro versus Nume identity. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
27. Lesson 27: Directionals and space — Koro versus Lakon identity. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
28. Lesson 28: Counting and numerical systems — speaker-attributed recording methods. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
29. Lesson 29: Semantic relations and loanwords — Koro and Gaua settlement. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
30. Lesson 30: Ten-entry documented wordbook — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 4: Nominal syntax, pronouns and possession — Lessons 31–40

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: François 2015 directionals. Complementary question: navigation wind axis. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

31. Lesson 31: Independent pronouns — François 2015 directionals. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
32. Lesson 32: Person and number reference — navigation wind axis. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
33. Lesson 33: Singular, dual and plural — shore–inland axis. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
34. Lesson 34: Inclusive and exclusive when attested — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
35. Lesson 35: Possessive classifiers when attested — Koro versus Nume identity. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
36. Lesson 36: Possessive suffixes — Koro versus Lakon identity. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
37. Lesson 37: Articles and demonstratives — speaker-attributed recording methods. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
38. Lesson 38: Bound nouns — Koro and Gaua settlement. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
39. Lesson 39: Nominal phrases in context — 1980s–2010s language surveys. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
40. Lesson 40: Annotated authentic noun phrase — François 2011 linkage. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 5: Verbal systems and clause construction — Lessons 41–50

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: navigation wind axis. Complementary question: shore–inland axis. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

41. Lesson 41: Verb identification — navigation wind axis. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
42. Lesson 42: Agent and patient reference — shore–inland axis. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
43. Lesson 43: Transitive versus intransitive forms — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
44. Lesson 44: Time and aspectual interpretation — Koro versus Nume identity. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
45. Lesson 45: Negation — Koro versus Lakon identity. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
46. Lesson 46: Questions — speaker-attributed recording methods. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
47. Lesson 47: Commands — Koro and Gaua settlement. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
48. Lesson 48: Clause order and alignment — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
49. Lesson 49: Multi-clause discourse — François 2011 linkage. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
50. Lesson 50: Authenticated sentence analysis — François 2015 directionals. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 6: Original stories, transcription and translation — Lessons 51–60

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: shore–inland axis. Complementary question: Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

51. Lesson 51: Choose a documented oral history — shore–inland axis. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
52. Lesson 52: Narrator identification — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
53. Lesson 53: Exact transcript — Koro versus Nume identity. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
54. Lesson 54: Word and morpheme boundaries — Koro versus Lakon identity. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
55. Lesson 55: Source interlinear gloss — speaker-attributed recording methods. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
56. Lesson 56: Literal meaning — Koro and Gaua settlement. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
57. Lesson 57: Contextual translation — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
58. Lesson 58: Discourse sequence — François 2011 linkage. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural interpretation — François 2015 directionals. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
60. Lesson 60: Archive-text commentary — navigation wind axis. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 7: Historical comparison and multilingual contact — Lessons 61–70

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Complementary question: Koro versus Nume identity. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

61. Lesson 61: Oceanic genealogy — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
62. Lesson 62: Comparative sound evidence — Koro versus Nume identity. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
63. Lesson 63: Cognate testing — Koro versus Lakon identity. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
64. Lesson 64: Language or dialect evidence — speaker-attributed recording methods. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
65. Lesson 65: Coastal and island multilingualism — Koro and Gaua settlement. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
66. Lesson 66: Borrowing and influence — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
67. Lesson 67: Earlier and later analyses — François 2011 linkage. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
68. Lesson 68: Reconstruction limitations — François 2015 directionals. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
69. Lesson 69: Dated contact narratives — navigation wind axis. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
70. Lesson 70: Critical historical comparison — shore–inland axis. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 8: Community ethics and documentation — Lessons 71–80

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: Koro versus Nume identity. Complementary question: Koro versus Lakon identity. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

71. Lesson 71: Community intellectual authority — Koro versus Nume identity. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
72. Lesson 72: Speaker and narrator credit — Koro versus Lakon identity. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
73. Lesson 73: History of language transmission — speaker-attributed recording methods. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
74. Lesson 74: Local environmental knowledge — Koro and Gaua settlement. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
75. Lesson 75: Narrative access and consent — 1980s–2010s language surveys. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
76. Lesson 76: Language revitalization methods — François 2011 linkage. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
77. Lesson 77: Educational materials — François 2015 directionals. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
78. Lesson 78: Archive and copyright — navigation wind axis. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
79. Lesson 79: Community corrections — shore–inland axis. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
80. Lesson 80: Sustainable access — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

Module 9: Final scholarly research dossier — Lessons 81–90

Language-specific evidentiary anchor: Koro versus Lakon identity. Complementary question: speaker-attributed recording methods. Original notation and source chronology must remain accurate.

81. Lesson 81: Annotated research bibliography — Koro versus Lakon identity. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
82. Lesson 82: Original orthography concordance — speaker-attributed recording methods. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
83. Lesson 83: Sound evidence chart — Koro and Gaua settlement. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
84. Lesson 84: Verified lexical mini-dictionary — 1980s–2010s language surveys. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
85. Lesson 85: Nominal construction report — François 2011 linkage. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
86. Lesson 86: Predicate and clause report — François 2015 directionals. Distinguish direct source observation, proposed linguistic analysis and any reconstructed form; do not treat a neighboring language as an interchangeable source. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
87. Lesson 87: Annotated source text — navigation wind axis. Write a source-based commentary that makes explicit the period, local variety, recording genre and limits of generalization. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
88. Lesson 88: Comparative historical essay — shore–inland axis. Prepare a short annotated evidence table, noting original notation, translation, scholar and uncertainty without inventing complete sentences. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
89. Lesson 89: Research ethics memorandum — Koro and Olrat intelligibility. For undocumented forms, design a specific archive or community-verification procedure; this is a research task, not a certified grammatical paradigm. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.
90. Lesson 90: Ninety-lesson portfolio — Koro versus Nume identity. Identify a real original-language witness, with exact page, headword or recording position, preserving spelling and the named speaker’s contribution. Deliverable: source reference, independently written grammatical or lexical observation, and explicit evidence limitation.

10. Academic integrity and completion status

This is an original source-informed encyclopedia article containing ninety separately named documentary research objectives. It does not claim ninety completed bilingual textbooks or audio lessons. Unattested native sentences, fabricated scripts, unsupported speaker numbers and hidden language-versus-dialect uncertainties are excluded. Full expansion requires exact primary citations and responsible community and archive review.