1. Community and geographic identity

Nalögo is associated with southern and southwestern Santa Cruz (Nendö) Island, Temotu Province. Linguistic classification: Austronesian, Oceanic, Temotu, Reefs–Santa Cruz. ISO 639-3 code: nlz. Different names for the same language must be distinguished from closely related but separately named languages. A language’s age cannot be inferred from its scholarly publication dates.

2. Historical scholarship and fieldwork chronology

Nalögo is a language distinct from Natügu, Engdewu and Noipä. Valentina Alfarano’s 2021 doctoral dissertation A Grammar of Nalögo, an Oceanic Language of Santa Cruz Island provides a complete in-depth grammar; the 2018 ELAR deposit includes field documentation. The language’s separate treatment follows work by Boerger and Zimmerman in 2012. A 2023 cross-language study includes comitative constructions and a 2022 comparative investigation discusses the prefix (v)ö- in Nalögo and Natügu.

Be precise about whose language forms are recorded and when. Historical research describes one time and often a restricted selection of speakers; it does not imply a current population estimate or a definitive orthographic standard.

3. Original orthography and sound systems

The attested orthography contains central and front vowel symbols with diacritics that must be kept intact. The source’s interlinear examples include phonetic and grammatical annotations; students should learn to read the morphological boundaries, not simplify them into unverified phrases.

The existence of contemporary Roman-script writing is not evidence of an ancient separate script. Phonetic symbols, apostrophes, vowel diacritics and morpheme boundaries should be retained when citing source forms.

4. Morphology, syntax and attested constructions

Nalögo has contrasts among intransitive, transitive and semitransitive clauses, with grammatical-role-dependent constituent orders in Alfarano’s analysis. An applicative -mi can introduce a participant into core argument structure. The enclitic =p(m)e marks changes of state and may acquire contrastive information-structural functions in particular contexts. These constructions are source-specific and should not be generalized across all Temotu languages.

Verbal, nominal and pronominal forms are not interchangeable with those of another Reefs–Santa Cruz language. Source-based teaching materials require original examples with attributable grammatical glosses rather than sentences constructed by analogy.

5. Carefully delimited linguistic examples

The following are short source-based forms, morphological notation or clearly labelled catalogue identifiers. They are not a complete vocabulary and must not be assembled into invented dialogues.

• -mi: attested applicative suffix notation.
• =p(m)e: change-of-state enclitic notation.
• nlz: ISO language identifier, not a Nalögo lexical item.

6. Culture, community life and research ethics

Community settlement history, sea and island ecology, genealogies, oral traditions, multilingual networks and literacy movements are relevant research areas only insofar as original sources and community contributors support them. Language archive descriptions can provide a starting point, but speakers retain rights and should be accurately credited. Permission may be required before reprinting recordings, stories and other cultural resources.

7. Named primary scholarly references and archives

1. CNRS-LACITO researcher record of Alfarano and Nalögo sources. https://lacito.cnrs.fr/en/directory/valentina-alfarano-en/
2. Nalögo grammatical-relations presentation and sourced examples. https://edwebcontent.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/atoms/files/apll13-abstracts.pdf
3. Change-of-state in Nalögo, linguistic typology article. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/lingty-2020-0129/html
4. Glottolog Nalögo catalogue and language code. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nalo1235

Historical and modern sources can be compared, but complete grammatical paradigms should not be inferred from a bibliography. Expand each future lesson with the precise original page, headword or recording timestamp.

8. Original language-specific research anchors

1. Nalögo linguistic identity. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
2. Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
3. ELAR documentation 2018. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
4. three clause types. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
5. intransitive SV order. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
6. transitive VAO order. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
7. semitransitive AVO order. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
8. applicative -mi. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
9. change-of-state =p(m)e. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.
10. 2023 comitative constructions. Identify its exact documentary evidence and distinguish observed forms from unresolved interpretations.

9. Ninety numbered documentary learning objectives

Nine thematic modules of ten lessons. The syllabus addresses historical literacy, source notation, authentic lexicon, morphosyntax, original texts, historical comparison and responsible documentation. Where the language lacks a comprehensive grammar, the corresponding lessons explicitly require research instead of claiming unattested forms are known.

Module 1: Names, communities, documented history — Lessons 1–10

Specific documentary anchor: Nalögo linguistic identity. Related inquiry: Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

1. Lesson 1: Names and self-designations — Nalögo linguistic identity. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
2. Lesson 2: Island and settlement geography — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
3. Lesson 3: Genealogical classification — ELAR documentation 2018. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
4. Lesson 4: Language versus dialect evidence — three clause types. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
5. Lesson 5: First recorded sources — intransitive SV order. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
6. Lesson 6: Fieldwork chronology — transitive VAO order. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
7. Lesson 7: Community contributors — semitransitive AVO order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
8. Lesson 8: Archive genres — applicative -mi. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
9. Lesson 9: Documentation and demographic caution — change-of-state =p(m)e. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
10. Lesson 10: Annotated bibliography — 2023 comitative constructions. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 2: Writing, speech sounds and analysis — Lessons 11–20

Specific documentary anchor: Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Related inquiry: ELAR documentation 2018. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

11. Lesson 11: Source grapheme inventories — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
12. Lesson 12: Consonant evidence — ELAR documentation 2018. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
13. Lesson 13: Vowel qualities — three clause types. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
14. Lesson 14: Diacritic conventions — intransitive SV order. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
15. Lesson 15: Syllabic organization — transitive VAO order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
16. Lesson 16: Stress evidence — semitransitive AVO order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
17. Lesson 17: Phonemic versus phonetic notation — applicative -mi. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
18. Lesson 18: Morpheme boundaries — change-of-state =p(m)e. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
19. Lesson 19: Speaker recordings — 2023 comitative constructions. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
20. Lesson 20: Evidence-based pronunciation report — Nalögo linguistic identity. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 3: Vocabulary and original meanings — Lessons 21–30

Specific documentary anchor: ELAR documentation 2018. Related inquiry: three clause types. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

21. Lesson 21: Dictionary and wordlist provenance — ELAR documentation 2018. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
22. Lesson 22: Body and kinship terms — three clause types. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
23. Lesson 23: Coastal and sea vocabulary — intransitive SV order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
24. Lesson 24: Plant and animal nomenclature — transitive VAO order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
25. Lesson 25: Food and cultivation — semitransitive AVO order. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
26. Lesson 26: Spatial and directional expressions — applicative -mi. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
27. Lesson 27: Motion and event verbs — change-of-state =p(m)e. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
28. Lesson 28: Numerals and quantity — 2023 comitative constructions. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
29. Lesson 29: Multilingual and borrowed words — Nalögo linguistic identity. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
30. Lesson 30: Ten authenticated lexical entries — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 4: People, nouns and possession — Lessons 31–40

Specific documentary anchor: three clause types. Related inquiry: intransitive SV order. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

31. Lesson 31: Person reference — three clause types. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
32. Lesson 32: Minimal and augmented reference — intransitive SV order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
33. Lesson 33: Singular, dual and plural distinctions — transitive VAO order. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
34. Lesson 34: Pronoun morphology — semitransitive AVO order. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
35. Lesson 35: Noun phrase heads — applicative -mi. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
36. Lesson 36: Article or classifier evidence — change-of-state =p(m)e. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
37. Lesson 37: Direct versus indirect possession — 2023 comitative constructions. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
38. Lesson 38: Alienability and bound roots — Nalögo linguistic identity. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
39. Lesson 39: Demonstratives and deixis — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
40. Lesson 40: Authentic nominal phrase analysis — ELAR documentation 2018. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 5: Verbal structure and sentence patterns — Lessons 41–50

Specific documentary anchor: intransitive SV order. Related inquiry: transitive VAO order. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

41. Lesson 41: Predicate structure — intransitive SV order. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
42. Lesson 42: Verbal stems and argument patterns — transitive VAO order. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
43. Lesson 43: Tense and aspect interpretation — semitransitive AVO order. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
44. Lesson 44: Voice and transitivity — applicative -mi. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
45. Lesson 45: Applicative and valency-changing morphemes — change-of-state =p(m)e. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
46. Lesson 46: Negation — 2023 comitative constructions. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
47. Lesson 47: Questions and commands — Nalögo linguistic identity. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
48. Lesson 48: Clause constituent order — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
49. Lesson 49: Clause coordination and subordination — ELAR documentation 2018. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
50. Lesson 50: Complete passage syntax — three clause types. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 6: Original narratives and translation — Lessons 51–60

Specific documentary anchor: transitive VAO order. Related inquiry: semitransitive AVO order. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

51. Lesson 51: Choose an original text — transitive VAO order. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
52. Lesson 52: Speaker and collection provenance — semitransitive AVO order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
53. Lesson 53: Exact source transcription — applicative -mi. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
54. Lesson 54: Identify word boundaries — change-of-state =p(m)e. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
55. Lesson 55: Morpheme segmentation — 2023 comitative constructions. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
56. Lesson 56: Interlinear grammatical glossing — Nalögo linguistic identity. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
57. Lesson 57: Literal translation — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
58. Lesson 58: Natural contextual translation — ELAR documentation 2018. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
59. Lesson 59: Narrative discourse — three clause types. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
60. Lesson 60: Critical source commentary — intransitive SV order. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 7: Historical change and language contact — Lessons 61–70

Specific documentary anchor: semitransitive AVO order. Related inquiry: applicative -mi. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

61. Lesson 61: Temotu historical relationship — semitransitive AVO order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
62. Lesson 62: Reefs–Santa Cruz comparison — applicative -mi. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
63. Lesson 63: Cognates and chance resemblance — change-of-state =p(m)e. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
64. Lesson 64: Sound changes — 2023 comitative constructions. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
65. Lesson 65: Borrowing and multilingualism — Nalögo linguistic identity. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
66. Lesson 66: Comparative pronouns — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
67. Lesson 67: Verbal morphology history — ELAR documentation 2018. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
68. Lesson 68: Source-dated changes — three clause types. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
69. Lesson 69: Limits of reconstructed forms — intransitive SV order. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
70. Lesson 70: Documented comparative assessment — transitive VAO order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 8: Speaker rights and language continuity — Lessons 71–80

Specific documentary anchor: applicative -mi. Related inquiry: change-of-state =p(m)e. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

71. Lesson 71: Community intellectual authority — applicative -mi. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
72. Lesson 72: Original speakers and collaborators — change-of-state =p(m)e. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
73. Lesson 73: Ecological knowledge — 2023 comitative constructions. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
74. Lesson 74: Oral narrative permissions — Nalögo linguistic identity. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
75. Lesson 75: Educational and literacy contexts — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
76. Lesson 76: Language use across generations — ELAR documentation 2018. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
77. Lesson 77: Multilingual practices — three clause types. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
78. Lesson 78: Archive rights and access — intransitive SV order. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
79. Lesson 79: Community text corrections — transitive VAO order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
80. Lesson 80: Responsible preservation — semitransitive AVO order. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

Module 9: Capstone research and source verification — Lessons 81–90

Specific documentary anchor: change-of-state =p(m)e. Related inquiry: 2023 comitative constructions. Students should distinguish native-speaker data from researcher-imposed terminology.

81. Lesson 81: Bibliography with exact citations — change-of-state =p(m)e. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
82. Lesson 82: Orthographic concordance — 2023 comitative constructions. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
83. Lesson 83: Sound evidence notebook — Nalögo linguistic identity. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
84. Lesson 84: Verified mini-dictionary — Alfarano 2021 dissertation. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun analysis — ELAR documentation 2018. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
86. Lesson 86: Original clause analysis — three clause types. Prepare a contrast between what is actually observed in the language and a hypothesis based only on related languages. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
87. Lesson 87: Annotated authentic text — intransitive SV order. Provide an evidence sheet recording the source, collector or narrator, locality, year, original form, grammatical annotation and any doubts. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
88. Lesson 88: Comparative historical essay — transitive VAO order. Assess how community context, text genre and documentation method may affect the interpretation, distinguishing historical facts from current claims. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
89. Lesson 89: Community review and ethics plan — semitransitive AVO order. Where an exact expression has not been verified, specify the primary source or speaker-led investigation that would be needed instead of fabricating an example. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.
90. Lesson 90: Ninety-objective documentary portfolio — applicative -mi. Work from the cited language-specific manuscript, dictionary, study or recording, and report its exact original spelling and bibliographic location; avoid guessed forms. Assessment: an auditable source note, independently written linguistic explanation and explicit evidence boundary.

10. Editorial status and teaching-material integrity

This is an original encyclopedic profile plus ninety documentary research lesson objectives, not ninety finished textbooks, videos or audio tutorials. Source-poor features are clearly stated as research gaps. Invented indigenous expressions, reconstructed alphabets presented as fact and unverified present-day speaker numbers are excluded. Further work should be checked with original scholars’ sources and, where practicable, community experts.