1. Language identity and historic geography

ANLHE New Ireland and Solomon Islands classification audit (November 2026): Notsi (ISO 639-3 ncf) is separately listed among the Oceanic languages of New Ireland. Comparative sources place it with Northern New Ireland languages rather than among the Patpatar–Tolai languages. Language names associated with New Ireland do not imply that all local languages share the same grammar or that neighboring varieties can supply unattested Notsi forms. Comparative language documentation.

Notsi is documented in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. Its ISO 639-3 identifier is ncf. Language-family classifications belong to the Austronesian Oceanic sphere, but geographical and genealogical proximity do not establish mutual identity between neighboring languages. Academic and community terminology must be attributed to its original source.

2. Historical scholarship and attribution

Notsi is independently listed in the SIL Papua New Guinea inventory with ISO 639-3 ncf. The regional catalogue provides secure evidence for language identity and location but does not by itself provide a reference grammar, reliable native-language quotations, alphabet inventory or contemporary speaker count. This profile therefore distinguishes known metadata from unresolved grammar and calls for primary-source assessment.

Language origin, documented speech, collection date, scholarly publication and modern speaker population are separate categories of evidence. This guide does not treat old speaker figures as current or infer historical origins from the date of a grammar.

3. Writing systems and phonology

No original Notsi orthographic inventory has been checked for this edition. A future teaching alphabet must be recovered from a verifiable original manuscript, speaker-validated language resource or recording. Neither neighboring Nalik orthography nor common Oceanic patterns can be assumed.

Source spelling, IPA transcription, phonological analysis and ordinary modern writing must be distinguished. Historical Latin-letter transcription is not evidence of an ancient separately documented indigenous script.

4. Authentic grammatical observations

This page sets out investigation of pronominal number, noun phrases, possession, clause structure, negation, question forms and discourse as a set of testable tasks. No undocumented grammatical example is represented as a proven Notsi utterance.

Pronouns, possession, verbal constructions and sentence patterns must be supported with source-specific primary examples before they are presented as validated grammar. A research topic does not constitute an attested grammar rule.

5. Small evidence-based language and metadata sample

• ncf: ISO 639-3 identifier; catalogue metadata only.
• Notsi: language name attested in the SIL register.

Only these limited source-attributed forms and clearly identified catalogue codes are provided. They must not be recombined to manufacture full conversational phrases.

6. Social history, cultural context and interpretation

Local environments, island mobility, oral traditions, family relations and multilingual contact can contextualize lexical and grammatical evidence. This does not license general claims about contemporary community beliefs or ways of speaking without independently documented interviews or recordings. Rights and speaker acknowledgment apply to any future republishing of full stories.

7. Named bibliographic and source register

1. SIL Papua New Guinea, New Ireland provincial language inventory. https://pnglanguages.sil.org/resources/provinces/province/New%20Ireland

These entries enable independent verification of the cited facts. A bibliography does not authenticate invented examples and some languages lack a publicly reviewed full grammar.

8. Ninety evidence-based study objectives

Nine modules of ten individual lessons progress from original-source literacy through phonetic observation, lexicography, grammatical research, documentary reading, comparison, community ethics and a final portfolio. When the verified corpus is limited, the assignments prioritize archival and speaker verification over speculation.

Module 1: Documentary identity and history — Lessons 1–10

Language-specific focus: Notsi name. Secondary anchor: New Ireland geographic context. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

1. Lesson 1: endonym and exonym — Notsi name. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
2. Lesson 2: island or village distribution — New Ireland geographic context. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
3. Lesson 3: Oceanic subgroup — SIL catalogue. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
4. Lesson 4: local dialect boundaries — ISO ncf. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
5. Lesson 5: bibliographic origins — source-discovery method. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
6. Lesson 6: dated primary records — community consultation. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
7. Lesson 7: author and speaker credits — recording provenance. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
8. Lesson 8: documentary genres — unknown orthography. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
9. Lesson 9: historical limitations — unverified syntax. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
10. Lesson 10: scholarly source chart — documentation plan. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 2: Script and phonological description — Lessons 11–20

Language-specific focus: New Ireland geographic context. Secondary anchor: SIL catalogue. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

11. Lesson 11: alphabet provenance — New Ireland geographic context. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
12. Lesson 12: attested consonants — SIL catalogue. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
13. Lesson 13: attested vowels — ISO ncf. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
14. Lesson 14: length distinctions — source-discovery method. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
15. Lesson 15: phonemic versus orthographic form — community consultation. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
16. Lesson 16: word segmentation — recording provenance. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
17. Lesson 17: prosody evidence — unknown orthography. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
18. Lesson 18: historical spellings — unverified syntax. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
19. Lesson 19: audio pronunciation evidence — documentation plan. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
20. Lesson 20: transcription assessment — Notsi name. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 3: Lexicon and numerical semantics — Lessons 21–30

Language-specific focus: SIL catalogue. Secondary anchor: ISO ncf. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

21. Lesson 21: primary dictionary sources — SIL catalogue. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
22. Lesson 22: numeral inventory — ISO ncf. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
23. Lesson 23: compositional counting — source-discovery method. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
24. Lesson 24: kinship words — community consultation. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
25. Lesson 25: body-related terms — recording provenance. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
26. Lesson 26: natural environment vocabulary — unknown orthography. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
27. Lesson 27: ocean vocabulary — unverified syntax. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
28. Lesson 28: movement expressions — documentation plan. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
29. Lesson 29: borrowings — Notsi name. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
30. Lesson 30: annotated mini-lexicon — New Ireland geographic context. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 4: Nominal and person marking — Lessons 31–40

Language-specific focus: ISO ncf. Secondary anchor: source-discovery method. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

31. Lesson 31: noun phrase evidence — ISO ncf. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
32. Lesson 32: pronoun person — source-discovery method. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
33. Lesson 33: number distinctions — community consultation. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
34. Lesson 34: inclusive and exclusive if attested — recording provenance. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
35. Lesson 35: demonstratives — unknown orthography. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
36. Lesson 36: possessive patterns — unverified syntax. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
37. Lesson 37: inalienable relations — documentation plan. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
38. Lesson 38: adjectival modifiers — Notsi name. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
39. Lesson 39: case or argument roles — New Ireland geographic context. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
40. Lesson 40: nominal text annotation — SIL catalogue. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 5: Verbs and clause grammar — Lessons 41–50

Language-specific focus: source-discovery method. Secondary anchor: community consultation. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

41. Lesson 41: verb identification — source-discovery method. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
42. Lesson 42: transitive constructions — community consultation. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
43. Lesson 43: aspectual marking — recording provenance. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
44. Lesson 44: temporal reference — unknown orthography. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
45. Lesson 45: negative markers — unverified syntax. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
46. Lesson 46: questions — documentation plan. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
47. Lesson 47: requests and imperatives — Notsi name. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
48. Lesson 48: clause order — New Ireland geographic context. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
49. Lesson 49: coordination — SIL catalogue. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
50. Lesson 50: source-based clause analysis — ISO ncf. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 6: Original documents and translation — Lessons 51–60

Language-specific focus: community consultation. Secondary anchor: recording provenance. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

51. Lesson 51: source passage choice — community consultation. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
52. Lesson 52: speaker and date — recording provenance. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
53. Lesson 53: verbatim transcription — unknown orthography. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
54. Lesson 54: morphological segmentation — unverified syntax. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
55. Lesson 55: gloss alignment — documentation plan. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
56. Lesson 56: translation context — Notsi name. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
57. Lesson 57: narrative ordering — New Ireland geographic context. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
58. Lesson 58: genre and register — SIL catalogue. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
59. Lesson 59: cultural interpretation — ISO ncf. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
60. Lesson 60: critical commentary — source-discovery method. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 7: Comparison, variation and contact — Lessons 61–70

Language-specific focus: recording provenance. Secondary anchor: unknown orthography. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

61. Lesson 61: cognate controls — recording provenance. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
62. Lesson 62: sound correspondences — unknown orthography. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
63. Lesson 63: separate-language evidence — unverified syntax. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
64. Lesson 64: dialect variation — documentation plan. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
65. Lesson 65: loanword verification — Notsi name. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
66. Lesson 66: historic orthography comparison — New Ireland geographic context. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
67. Lesson 67: migration claims — SIL catalogue. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
68. Lesson 68: source chronology — ISO ncf. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
69. Lesson 69: uncertain reconstructions — source-discovery method. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
70. Lesson 70: comparative research product — community consultation. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 8: Language community and research ethics — Lessons 71–80

Language-specific focus: unknown orthography. Secondary anchor: unverified syntax. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

71. Lesson 71: speaker agency — unknown orthography. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
72. Lesson 72: community archive rights — unverified syntax. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
73. Lesson 73: place-name stewardship — documentation plan. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
74. Lesson 74: traditional knowledge — Notsi name. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
75. Lesson 75: language transmission — New Ireland geographic context. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
76. Lesson 76: multilingual contact — SIL catalogue. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
77. Lesson 77: consent and citation — ISO ncf. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
78. Lesson 78: publishing permissions — source-discovery method. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
79. Lesson 79: education and literacy — community consultation. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
80. Lesson 80: community feedback — recording provenance. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

Module 9: Research and assessment portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Language-specific focus: unverified syntax. Secondary anchor: documentation plan. Maintain direct and indirect evidence in separate records and label unresolved features.

81. Lesson 81: bibliography dossier — unverified syntax. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
82. Lesson 82: authentic phonetic table — documentation plan. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
83. Lesson 83: orthography concordance — Notsi name. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
84. Lesson 84: lexical attestations — New Ireland geographic context. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
85. Lesson 85: pronoun research report — SIL catalogue. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
86. Lesson 86: verbal evidence report — ISO ncf. Use only verified forms from this language, contrasting transcription with interpretation, without borrowing invented paradigms from related languages. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
87. Lesson 87: annotated original excerpt — source-discovery method. Create a source table of observation, analytical hypothesis, alternative reading and the evidence required to decide between them. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
88. Lesson 88: comparison note — community consultation. Assess the historical and geographic limits of the named material, including narrator, editorial conventions and possible contact. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
89. Lesson 89: ethics declaration — recording provenance. Prepare an academically useful commentary and a testable language-specific research question, explicitly marking what remains unverified. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.
90. Lesson 90: final ninety-objective synthesis — unknown orthography. Locate a specific original entry or passage and record author, date, variety, spelling, reference location and supported translation. If absent, document the source gap. Assessment: a traced source, independently explained linguistic observation and uncertainty statement.

9. Academic integrity and completion status

Ninety study topics and research assessments are present. Ninety completed full lessons, book chapters, recordings or validated dialogues are not claimed. Unverified speech forms and speculative ancient writing systems have been excluded. Further curriculum expansion requires exact pages or archival recordings and, where practicable, community-led checking.