1. Community and linguistic identity

ANLHE Micronesia and New Ireland taxonomy audit (November 2026): Satawalese (ISO 639-3 stw) belongs to the Central Chuukic or Satawalese–Carolinian group of Oceanic languages. The existence of related Carolinian and Namonuito varieties must not lead to their grammatical or lexical data being silently treated as Satawalese. Documented examples need provenance from Satawal or a clearly identified related island community. Source for comparative classification.

Satawalese is associated with Satawal Island in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. Classification: Austronesian, Oceanic, Micronesian, Chuukic. Satawalese belongs to a network or continuum of Chuukic speech varieties across the Caroline Islands. Its relationship to neighboring varieties should be described through comparative linguistic evidence, not assumed identity or arbitrary subdivision.

2. Historical evidence and named scholarship

Kevin M. Roddy produced A Sketch Grammar of Satawalese, the Language of Satawal Island, Yap State, Micronesia as a University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa master’s thesis in 2007. This is a primary grammatical resource, and it identifies local people and language workers in its acknowledgements. Descriptions of Satawalese navigation in ethnographic literature supply a cultural context, not automatic proof about the structure of grammatical expressions.

Fieldwork dates, manuscript dates, publication dates and living community histories are different types of chronological evidence. Dated reference entries are not reliable current speaker censuses.

3. Alphabet, phonology and transcription

Roddy’s thesis should determine how vowels, consonants, phonological processes and written examples are presented. Do not substitute standardized Woleaian or Ulithian spelling for Satawalese. IPA-based comparisons require explicit notation and the original source.

Always label whether a form appears in community orthography, a scholar’s normalized romanization or the International Phonetic Alphabet. No pre-contact script is hypothesized from the mere existence of twentieth-century written records.

4. Original grammar and linguistic categories

The 2007 sketch grammar is the appropriate starting point for analyzing pronouns, morphosyntactic categories, word classes and clauses. Any grammatical claim not traceable to a cited passage should be presented as a research question pending a primary-source check.

A teaching grammar must be built from attested phrases, not generalized from apparent cognacy with another island language. Where the available source consists of lexical lists or sociolinguistic notes, sentence structure remains an open empirical question.

5. Selected documented language evidence

Only the following forms and source identifiers are included; their role is to show how quotation and attribution work, not to create undocumented sentence patterns.

• stw: ISO 639-3 language code, not a language word
• sata1237: Glottocode, not a native-language lexical item

Preserve all accent marks and original wording. Where the item is explicitly an ISO or archival identifier, it is not a word from the language.

6. Social context, communication and community stewardship

Atoll migration, navigation, fishing, historical colonial encounters, education and inter-island contact may be relevant to the documentary record. These are topics for source-led discussion, not assumptions about every speaker. Older outsider descriptions and community-authored accounts may represent different viewpoints. Reuse of oral narratives requires attention to speaker credit and the permissions of the archive or community.

7. Named academic and community references

1. Roddy, Kevin M. (2007), A Sketch Grammar of Satawalese. https://prof.kevinroddy.com/library/ma_thesis_roddy_final_6_18_07.pdf
2. ASJP Satawalese wordlist, citing Roddy (2007). https://asjp.clld.org/languages/SATAWALESE
3. Endangered Languages Project, Satawalese bibliographic records. https://elcat.colo.hawaii.edu/lang/5426?hl=en

The references provide the evidentiary basis for the documented history and examples. Expanded textbooks should give page or recording locations rather than citing a general work for invented phrases.

8. Ninety original-source learning objectives

Nine modules each contain ten independent research lessons. They lead from community context through orthography, grammar, attested text interpretation, lexicography, comparison and ethical preservation. These are lesson briefs, not finished bilingual dialogues or spoken audio courses.

Module 1. Historical identity and source criticism — Lessons 1–10

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: Satawal island; related evidence anchor: Roddy 2007. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

1. Lesson 1: language name — Satawal island. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
2. Lesson 2: local geography — Roddy 2007. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
3. Lesson 3: genealogical placement — language continuum. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
4. Lesson 4: neighbors and contact — Chuukic affiliation. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
5. Lesson 5: earliest relevant source — speaker-assisted research. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
6. Lesson 6: important later sources — phonological sketch. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
7. Lesson 7: named community researchers — morphology. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
8. Lesson 8: history of documentation — clause structure. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
9. Lesson 9: source criticism — navigation discourse. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
10. Lesson 10: scholarly chronology — lexicographic archives. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 2. Writing and speech sounds — Lessons 11–20

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: Roddy 2007; related evidence anchor: language continuum. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

11. Lesson 11: writing system — Roddy 2007. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
12. Lesson 12: documented consonants — language continuum. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
13. Lesson 13: documented vowels — Chuukic affiliation. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
14. Lesson 14: possible length distinctions — speaker-assisted research. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
15. Lesson 15: syllabic structure — phonological sketch. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
16. Lesson 16: stress evidence — morphology. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
17. Lesson 17: orthographic variants — clause structure. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
18. Lesson 18: phonetic transcription — navigation discourse. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
19. Lesson 19: recordings and spelling — lexicographic archives. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
20. Lesson 20: evidence-limited phonology report — Satawal island. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 3. Lexicography and original words — Lessons 21–30

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: language continuum; related evidence anchor: Chuukic affiliation. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

21. Lesson 21: source dictionary selection — language continuum. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
22. Lesson 22: body-part vocabulary — Chuukic affiliation. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
23. Lesson 23: family terminology — speaker-assisted research. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
24. Lesson 24: maritime terminology — phonological sketch. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
25. Lesson 25: island ecology — morphology. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
26. Lesson 26: food vocabulary — clause structure. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
27. Lesson 27: motion and activity — navigation discourse. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
28. Lesson 28: expressions of time — lexicographic archives. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
29. Lesson 29: contact borrowings — Satawal island. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
30. Lesson 30: verified lexicon portfolio — Roddy 2007. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 4. Pronouns and referential expressions — Lessons 31–40

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: Chuukic affiliation; related evidence anchor: speaker-assisted research. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

31. Lesson 31: person marking — Chuukic affiliation. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
32. Lesson 32: singular reference — speaker-assisted research. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
33. Lesson 33: plural reference — phonological sketch. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
34. Lesson 34: dual reference if attested — morphology. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
35. Lesson 35: inclusive and exclusive if attested — clause structure. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
36. Lesson 36: nominal determiners — navigation discourse. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
37. Lesson 37: demonstratives — lexicographic archives. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
38. Lesson 38: possession — Satawal island. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
39. Lesson 39: kinship references — Roddy 2007. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
40. Lesson 40: referential analysis — language continuum. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 5. Verbs, morphology and clause patterns — Lessons 41–50

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: speaker-assisted research; related evidence anchor: phonological sketch. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

41. Lesson 41: word-class identification — speaker-assisted research. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
42. Lesson 42: verb marking — phonological sketch. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
43. Lesson 43: aspect evidence — morphology. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
44. Lesson 44: tense interpretation — clause structure. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
45. Lesson 45: negation — navigation discourse. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
46. Lesson 46: interrogatives — lexicographic archives. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
47. Lesson 47: directives — Satawal island. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
48. Lesson 48: transitivity — Roddy 2007. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
49. Lesson 49: clause order — language continuum. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
50. Lesson 50: original clause analysis — Chuukic affiliation. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 6. Documented text and translation — Lessons 51–60

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: phonological sketch; related evidence anchor: morphology. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

51. Lesson 51: primary passage identification — phonological sketch. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
52. Lesson 52: speaker and editor — morphology. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
53. Lesson 53: text provenance — clause structure. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
54. Lesson 54: segmentation — navigation discourse. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
55. Lesson 55: lexical glossing — lexicographic archives. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
56. Lesson 56: morphological analysis — Satawal island. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
57. Lesson 57: translation choices — Roddy 2007. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
58. Lesson 58: discourse organization — language continuum. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
59. Lesson 59: cultural interpretation — Chuukic affiliation. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
60. Lesson 60: edited archival note — speaker-assisted research. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 7. Historical change and comparative method — Lessons 61–70

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: morphology; related evidence anchor: clause structure. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

61. Lesson 61: comparative framework — morphology. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
62. Lesson 62: cognacy versus contact — clause structure. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
63. Lesson 63: phonological change — navigation discourse. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
64. Lesson 64: loanword detection — lexicographic archives. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
65. Lesson 65: dialect claims — Satawal island. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
66. Lesson 66: earlier versus later documentation — Roddy 2007. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
67. Lesson 67: sociolinguistic change — language continuum. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
68. Lesson 68: source-dated speaker counts — Chuukic affiliation. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
69. Lesson 69: limits of reconstructions — speaker-assisted research. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
70. Lesson 70: comparative case study — phonological sketch. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 8. Community life and research ethics — Lessons 71–80

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: clause structure; related evidence anchor: navigation discourse. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

71. Lesson 71: place and people — clause structure. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
72. Lesson 72: oceanic ecological knowledge — navigation discourse. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
73. Lesson 73: kinship and social relations — lexicographic archives. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
74. Lesson 74: oral history ethics — Satawal island. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
75. Lesson 75: learning and transmission — Roddy 2007. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
76. Lesson 76: multilingual setting — language continuum. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
77. Lesson 77: source permissions — Chuukic affiliation. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
78. Lesson 78: acknowledging contributors — speaker-assisted research. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
79. Lesson 79: community feedback — phonological sketch. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
80. Lesson 80: safe archiving — morphology. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 9. Research portfolio and assessment — Lessons 81–90

Distinctive Satawalese research focus: navigation discourse; related evidence anchor: lexicographic archives. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

81. Lesson 81: bibliography — navigation discourse. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
82. Lesson 82: orthographic evidence table — lexicographic archives. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
83. Lesson 83: phonological analysis — Satawal island. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
84. Lesson 84: ten attested entries — Roddy 2007. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
85. Lesson 85: pronoun evidence note — language continuum. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
86. Lesson 86: verb evidence note — Chuukic affiliation. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
87. Lesson 87: annotated historical text — speaker-assisted research. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
88. Lesson 88: comparative report — phonological sketch. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
89. Lesson 89: ethics review — morphology. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
90. Lesson 90: ninety-lesson synthesis — clause structure. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

9. Evidence standards and learning outcomes

A student completing this syllabus should recognize the documented history and unique language identity, read the source’s spelling accurately, interpret selected authentic lexemes and constructions with appropriate citations, and evaluate where the existing scholarly record remains incomplete. Native-language material should be reviewed by fluent speakers when feasible. Ninety named research objectives are not ninety complete downloadable lessons.