1. Community and linguistic identity

ANLHE Micronesian classification and documentary audit (November 2026): Sonsorolese is a Chuukic Oceanic language of the southwest islands of Palau, related to Woleaian and Tobian. It is not linguistically descended from Palauan despite their common membership in the Republic of Palau. A local language description identifies Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Merir as Sonsorolese-speaking islands and notes that Tobian on Tobi is closely related but distinct. Linguistic classification and documentary source.

Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) is associated with Sonsorol, Pulo Anna and Merir in the southwestern islands of Palau. Classification: Austronesian, Oceanic, Micronesian, Chuukic. The island community language differs from closely related Tobian, despite some older research describing Sonsorol–Tobi together. It is not a dialect of Palauan. An island name, language name and a research author’s combined study label must be distinguished.

2. Historical evidence and named scholarship

The 1948 descriptive report by Arthur Capell covers Sonsorol–Tobi comparative materials. A community-written Sonsorolese guide compiled by Danko Taborosi with assistance from Laura Ierago, Junior Aquino, Lucy Pedro, Isaac Theodore, Severy Tirso and Philip Tirso gives modern lexical and conversational evidence. These documents were created in different circumstances and do not necessarily share identical spelling decisions.

Fieldwork dates, manuscript dates, publication dates and living community histories are different types of chronological evidence. Dated reference entries are not reliable current speaker censuses.

3. Alphabet, phonology and transcription

The community guide gives useful modern Roman-script spelling and a detailed discussion of language. Capell’s older phonetic analysis may employ conventions that require independent transcription. Do not assert that an orthographic distinction is phonemic without examining the relevant source.

Always label whether a form appears in community orthography, a scholar’s normalized romanization or the International Phonetic Alphabet. No pre-contact script is hypothesized from the mere existence of twentieth-century written records.

4. Original grammar and linguistic categories

Primary research questions include pronouns, plural address, commands, interrogatives, possessive structures and verb-marking. The community phrase list distinguishes forms addressing one person and more than one person, which is a valuable grammatical contrast requiring careful source quotation.

A teaching grammar must be built from attested phrases, not generalized from apparent cognacy with another island language. Where the available source consists of lexical lists or sociolinguistic notes, sentence structure remains an open empirical question.

5. Selected documented language evidence

Only the following forms and source identifiers are included; their role is to show how quotation and attribution work, not to create undocumented sentence patterns.

• ramari Dongosaro: Sonsorolese language
• Emaho laari.: Good day.
• Itilou.: Excuse me.
• Ungo.: Yes.
• Naweri.: No.
• Ho feita?: What are you doing? Addressing one person.
• Hau feita?: What are you doing? Addressing more than one person.

Preserve all accent marks and original wording. Where the item is explicitly an ISO or archival identifier, it is not a word from the language.

6. Social context, communication and community stewardship

Atoll migration, navigation, fishing, historical colonial encounters, education and inter-island contact may be relevant to the documentary record. These are topics for source-led discussion, not assumptions about every speaker. Older outsider descriptions and community-authored accounts may represent different viewpoints. Reuse of oral narratives requires attention to speaker credit and the permissions of the archive or community.

7. Named academic and community references

1. Sonsorol Island community language guide, compiled by Danko Taborosi and collaborators. https://www.sonsorol.com/language/
2. Arthur Capell (1948), Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of Sonsorol-Tobi. https://habeleinstitute.org/wiki/Zotero_reference%3AJQJDF3QD
3. Esther van den Berg (2014), Linguistic Sketch of Hatohobeian and Sonsorolese. https://friendsoftobi.org/misc/documentarchive/vandenberglinguisticsketch2014.pdf

The references provide the evidentiary basis for the documented history and examples. Expanded textbooks should give page or recording locations rather than citing a general work for invented phrases.

8. Ninety original-source learning objectives

Nine modules each contain ten independent research lessons. They lead from community context through orthography, grammar, attested text interpretation, lexicography, comparison and ethical preservation. These are lesson briefs, not finished bilingual dialogues or spoken audio courses.

Module 1. Historical identity and source criticism — Lessons 1–10

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Sonsorol identity; related evidence anchor: Pulo Anna speech. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

1. Lesson 1: language name — Sonsorol identity. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
2. Lesson 2: local geography — Pulo Anna speech. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
3. Lesson 3: genealogical placement — Merir speech. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
4. Lesson 4: neighbors and contact — Capell 1948. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
5. Lesson 5: earliest relevant source — Danko Taborosi. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
6. Lesson 6: important later sources — community collaborators. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
7. Lesson 7: named community researchers — singular and plural address. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
8. Lesson 8: history of documentation — Roman orthography. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
9. Lesson 9: source criticism — social greetings. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
10. Lesson 10: scholarly chronology — marine lexicon. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 2. Writing and speech sounds — Lessons 11–20

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Pulo Anna speech; related evidence anchor: Merir speech. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

11. Lesson 11: writing system — Pulo Anna speech. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
12. Lesson 12: documented consonants — Merir speech. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
13. Lesson 13: documented vowels — Capell 1948. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
14. Lesson 14: possible length distinctions — Danko Taborosi. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
15. Lesson 15: syllabic structure — community collaborators. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
16. Lesson 16: stress evidence — singular and plural address. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
17. Lesson 17: orthographic variants — Roman orthography. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
18. Lesson 18: phonetic transcription — social greetings. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
19. Lesson 19: recordings and spelling — marine lexicon. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
20. Lesson 20: evidence-limited phonology report — Sonsorol identity. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 3. Lexicography and original words — Lessons 21–30

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Merir speech; related evidence anchor: Capell 1948. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

21. Lesson 21: source dictionary selection — Merir speech. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
22. Lesson 22: body-part vocabulary — Capell 1948. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
23. Lesson 23: family terminology — Danko Taborosi. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
24. Lesson 24: maritime terminology — community collaborators. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
25. Lesson 25: island ecology — singular and plural address. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
26. Lesson 26: food vocabulary — Roman orthography. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
27. Lesson 27: motion and activity — social greetings. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
28. Lesson 28: expressions of time — marine lexicon. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
29. Lesson 29: contact borrowings — Sonsorol identity. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
30. Lesson 30: verified lexicon portfolio — Pulo Anna speech. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 4. Pronouns and referential expressions — Lessons 31–40

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Capell 1948; related evidence anchor: Danko Taborosi. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

31. Lesson 31: person marking — Capell 1948. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
32. Lesson 32: singular reference — Danko Taborosi. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
33. Lesson 33: plural reference — community collaborators. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
34. Lesson 34: dual reference if attested — singular and plural address. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
35. Lesson 35: inclusive and exclusive if attested — Roman orthography. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
36. Lesson 36: nominal determiners — social greetings. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
37. Lesson 37: demonstratives — marine lexicon. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
38. Lesson 38: possession — Sonsorol identity. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
39. Lesson 39: kinship references — Pulo Anna speech. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
40. Lesson 40: referential analysis — Merir speech. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 5. Verbs, morphology and clause patterns — Lessons 41–50

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Danko Taborosi; related evidence anchor: community collaborators. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

41. Lesson 41: word-class identification — Danko Taborosi. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
42. Lesson 42: verb marking — community collaborators. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
43. Lesson 43: aspect evidence — singular and plural address. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
44. Lesson 44: tense interpretation — Roman orthography. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
45. Lesson 45: negation — social greetings. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
46. Lesson 46: interrogatives — marine lexicon. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
47. Lesson 47: directives — Sonsorol identity. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
48. Lesson 48: transitivity — Pulo Anna speech. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
49. Lesson 49: clause order — Merir speech. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
50. Lesson 50: original clause analysis — Capell 1948. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 6. Documented text and translation — Lessons 51–60

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: community collaborators; related evidence anchor: singular and plural address. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

51. Lesson 51: primary passage identification — community collaborators. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
52. Lesson 52: speaker and editor — singular and plural address. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
53. Lesson 53: text provenance — Roman orthography. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
54. Lesson 54: segmentation — social greetings. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
55. Lesson 55: lexical glossing — marine lexicon. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
56. Lesson 56: morphological analysis — Sonsorol identity. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
57. Lesson 57: translation choices — Pulo Anna speech. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
58. Lesson 58: discourse organization — Merir speech. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
59. Lesson 59: cultural interpretation — Capell 1948. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
60. Lesson 60: edited archival note — Danko Taborosi. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 7. Historical change and comparative method — Lessons 61–70

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: singular and plural address; related evidence anchor: Roman orthography. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

61. Lesson 61: comparative framework — singular and plural address. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
62. Lesson 62: cognacy versus contact — Roman orthography. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
63. Lesson 63: phonological change — social greetings. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
64. Lesson 64: loanword detection — marine lexicon. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
65. Lesson 65: dialect claims — Sonsorol identity. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
66. Lesson 66: earlier versus later documentation — Pulo Anna speech. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
67. Lesson 67: sociolinguistic change — Merir speech. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
68. Lesson 68: source-dated speaker counts — Capell 1948. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
69. Lesson 69: limits of reconstructions — Danko Taborosi. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
70. Lesson 70: comparative case study — community collaborators. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 8. Community life and research ethics — Lessons 71–80

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: Roman orthography; related evidence anchor: social greetings. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

71. Lesson 71: place and people — Roman orthography. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
72. Lesson 72: oceanic ecological knowledge — social greetings. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
73. Lesson 73: kinship and social relations — marine lexicon. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
74. Lesson 74: oral history ethics — Sonsorol identity. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
75. Lesson 75: learning and transmission — Pulo Anna speech. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
76. Lesson 76: multilingual setting — Merir speech. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
77. Lesson 77: source permissions — Capell 1948. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
78. Lesson 78: acknowledging contributors — Danko Taborosi. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
79. Lesson 79: community feedback — community collaborators. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
80. Lesson 80: safe archiving — singular and plural address. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

Module 9. Research portfolio and assessment — Lessons 81–90

Distinctive Sonsorolese (Ramari Dongosaro) research focus: social greetings; related evidence anchor: marine lexicon. Each lesson should be documented with original data, contextual interpretation and an explicit uncertainty assessment.

81. Lesson 81: bibliography — social greetings. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
82. Lesson 82: orthographic evidence table — marine lexicon. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
83. Lesson 83: phonological analysis — Sonsorol identity. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
84. Lesson 84: ten attested entries — Pulo Anna speech. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
85. Lesson 85: pronoun evidence note — Merir speech. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
86. Lesson 86: verb evidence note — Capell 1948. Evaluate what a primary source permits the researcher to conclude; state what would still require original manuscript access or community confirmation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
87. Lesson 87: annotated historical text — Danko Taborosi. Investigate a source-attested example, recording its exact original spelling and a locatable dictionary entry, page or archival reference; distinguish quotation from explanation. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
88. Lesson 88: comparative report — community collaborators. Produce an evidence table with author, date, original orthography, category, contextual interpretation and remaining uncertainty. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
89. Lesson 89: ethics review — singular and plural address. Draft a concise, source-bound analysis and explain one possible alternative interpretation and how it could be tested. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.
90. Lesson 90: ninety-lesson synthesis — Roman orthography. Compare documentary evidence from the named language with a related language without copying unverified words or structures between them. Deliverable: an independently composed, cited annotation, evidence comparison and source limitation note.

9. Evidence standards and learning outcomes

A student completing this syllabus should recognize the documented history and unique language identity, read the source’s spelling accurately, interpret selected authentic lexemes and constructions with appropriate citations, and evaluate where the existing scholarly record remains incomplete. Native-language material should be reviewed by fluent speakers when feasible. Ninety named research objectives are not ninety complete downloadable lessons.