1. Language identity and location

ANLHE Micronesia and New Ireland taxonomy audit (November 2026): Sursurunga is a distinct Oceanic Austronesian language of New Ireland, classified in comparative work among the Patpatar–Tolai languages. Its linguistic material should not be exchanged without verification with related Patpatar, Lihir or Tolai. Family resemblance is not a substitute for an attested example in a Sursurunga grammar or corpus. Source for comparative classification.

Sursurunga is documented in southern New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. The ISO 639-3 language identifier is sgz. This identifier is bibliographic metadata, not a word in the language. Related Oceanic languages should not be conflated. Community and regional designations must be checked against named documentation.

2. Documentary chronology and historical sources

Don Hutchisson’s Sursurunga Grammar Essentials (1975) is preserved as an unpublished or draft manuscript in the SIL archive. The archive warns that this early analysis has not been updated or formally peer reviewed. A much later Sursurunga Dictionary was published in 2019, compiled by Don Hutchisson and edited by Samson Benroi and Sharon Hutchisson; the source lists collection and editing across 1974–2018. The difference between a historical draft and a later lexicographic edition must remain visible.

Dates of the language’s historical existence, a researcher’s fieldwork, a manuscript’s creation and a published edition must remain separately recorded. Where a source notes historical counts, it must not be projected into a present-day demographic statement.

3. Alphabet, pronunciation and orthographic evidence

Hutchisson’s early grammar, Ross’s fieldnotes, and the 2019 dictionary provide separate spellings, phonological observations and editorial conventions. Students must preserve source-specific vowel, consonant and accent signs. The 205 comparative lexical items registered in ABVD are not the size of the language’s complete lexicon.

Source original spelling, phonetic transcription, morpheme segmentation and modern community orthography are not interchangeable. No independently attested ancient writing system can be concluded from a modern Roman-script edition.

4. Grammar and complete-clause interpretation

Sursurunga is especially instructive for a pronominal system that distinguishes singular, dual, trial, quadral and plural patterns in certain paradigms. The existence of a quadral category makes number marking particularly worth source-based analysis. Terminology like ‘quadral’ must be matched to the actual usage and not generalized into a claim that every noun phrase has the same number categories.

Research should foreground original clauses and morphosyntactic context. Any future phrasebook or conjugation tables must contain individually verifiable source examples; stylistic similarity to a related language is not evidence.

5. Documented lexical examples and metadata distinctions

The items below are limited and explicitly qualified by source type. They do not imply a complete teaching vocabulary or permission to generate unattested original-language sentences.

• giur: first-person inclusive dual in a published pronoun table.
• gimtu: first-person inclusive trial in a published table.
• gimhat: first-person inclusive quadral in a published table.
• gim: first-person inclusive plural in a published table.

Before extending these examples, check exact historical orthography, semantic context, collector attribution and any rights restrictions on reproducing archived material.

6. Cultural, social and community contexts

Documentation and community editing across decades provide an opportunity to compare scholarly analysis against speaker-oriented dictionary work. Original narratives and language-learning materials should credit local collaborators, and copyright or traditional knowledge restrictions require review.

Respect community intellectual authority and differences among regional varieties. The documentation record gives partial observations in particular places and decades; it is not an exhaustive or fixed picture of community life.

7. Identifiable academic and documentary sources

1. Sursurunga Dictionary, Hutchisson, Benroi and Hutchisson (2019), SIL PNG Archive. https://pnglanguages.sil.org/resources/archives/79354
2. Hutchisson (1975), Sursurunga Grammar Essentials, draft manuscript. https://pnglanguages.sil.org/resources/archives/43876
3. ABVD Sursurunga bibliography and fieldnote dataset. https://abvd.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=1342

Bibliographic links identify the cited documents but do not guarantee the availability of complete original recordings or authorize unattributed quotation. Future finished lessons must cite precise source pages, entries or media timestamps.

8. Ninety individually titled source-led lessons

Nine modules contain ten lessons each. Every item specifies a topic and an evidence-oriented task. Grammar categories unsupported by primary sources are presented as investigations, not as invented paradigms.

Module 1: Homeland, naming and linguistic history — Lessons 1–10

Language-specific research anchor: Hutchisson 1975 draft. Complementary case: 2019 edited dictionary. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

1. Lesson 1: Local designation and source spellings — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
2. Lesson 2: Historical place names and geographic distribution — 2019 edited dictionary. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
3. Lesson 3: Oceanic language classification — Samson Benroi. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
4. Lesson 4: Neighboring languages and source-limited comparison — Sharon Hutchisson. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
5. Lesson 5: Chronology of dated records — pronoun number distinctions. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
6. Lesson 6: Researchers and community collaborators — dual forms. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
7. Lesson 7: Differences among archival editions — trial forms. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
8. Lesson 8: Internal diversity and locality labels — quadral forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
9. Lesson 9: Historical contact and language ecology — ABVD evidence. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
10. Lesson 10: Bibliographic source register — community-oriented lexicon. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 2: Orthography, alphabet and phonology — Lessons 11–20

Language-specific research anchor: 2019 edited dictionary. Complementary case: Samson Benroi. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

11. Lesson 11: Documented graphemes — 2019 edited dictionary. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
12. Lesson 12: Consonant contrasts in primary sources — Samson Benroi. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
13. Lesson 13: Vowel qualities in attested records — Sharon Hutchisson. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
14. Lesson 14: Length and gemination evidence — pronoun number distinctions. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
15. Lesson 15: Syllable organization — dual forms. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
16. Lesson 16: Stress and prosody in recordings — trial forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
17. Lesson 17: Variation among orthographic sources — quadral forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
18. Lesson 18: IPA compared with community spelling — ABVD evidence. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
19. Lesson 19: Recording to transcription cross-check — community-oriented lexicon. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
20. Lesson 20: Pronunciation evidence portfolio — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 3: Vocabulary and semantics — Lessons 21–30

Language-specific research anchor: Samson Benroi. Complementary case: Sharon Hutchisson. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

21. Lesson 21: Attested lexicon collection — Samson Benroi. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
22. Lesson 22: Family and kinship terminology — Sharon Hutchisson. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
23. Lesson 23: Body-part vocabulary — pronoun number distinctions. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
24. Lesson 24: Local place and landscape terminology — dual forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
25. Lesson 25: Sea and freshwater ecology — trial forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
26. Lesson 26: Food, cultivation and subsistence — quadral forms. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
27. Lesson 27: Movement and direction — ABVD evidence. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
28. Lesson 28: Numerals and classifiers — community-oriented lexicon. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
29. Lesson 29: Loanwords and semantic change — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
30. Lesson 30: Ten fully referenced vocabulary entries — 2019 edited dictionary. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 4: Pronouns and nominal constructions — Lessons 31–40

Language-specific research anchor: Sharon Hutchisson. Complementary case: pronoun number distinctions. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

31. Lesson 31: Personal reference and person categories — Sharon Hutchisson. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
32. Lesson 32: Singular patterns in context — pronoun number distinctions. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
33. Lesson 33: Dual reference where attested — dual forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
34. Lesson 34: Trial, paucal or quadral where attested — trial forms. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
35. Lesson 35: Plural and inclusive distinctions — quadral forms. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
36. Lesson 36: Determiners and noun phrase structure — ABVD evidence. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
37. Lesson 37: Possessive relations — community-oriented lexicon. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
38. Lesson 38: Kinship and inalienability evidence — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
39. Lesson 39: Demonstrative and deictic forms — 2019 edited dictionary. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
40. Lesson 40: Annotated nominal passage — Samson Benroi. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 5: Verbs, predicates and grammar — Lessons 41–50

Language-specific research anchor: pronoun number distinctions. Complementary case: dual forms. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

41. Lesson 41: Verb identification and morphosyntax — pronoun number distinctions. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
42. Lesson 42: Transitive versus intransitive constructions — dual forms. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
43. Lesson 43: Argument expression — trial forms. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
44. Lesson 44: Temporal reference — quadral forms. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
45. Lesson 45: Aspect and mood — ABVD evidence. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
46. Lesson 46: Negation — community-oriented lexicon. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
47. Lesson 47: Interrogative sentences — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
48. Lesson 48: Commands and requests — 2019 edited dictionary. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
49. Lesson 49: Complex and dependent clauses — Samson Benroi. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
50. Lesson 50: Attested sentence analysis — Sharon Hutchisson. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 6: Original texts and interpretation — Lessons 51–60

Language-specific research anchor: dual forms. Complementary case: trial forms. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

51. Lesson 51: Selecting an archive recording or text — dual forms. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
52. Lesson 52: Identifying speaker, genre and collection date — trial forms. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
53. Lesson 53: Exact original orthographic transcription — quadral forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
54. Lesson 54: Word-by-word segmentation — ABVD evidence. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
55. Lesson 55: Grammatical annotation — community-oriented lexicon. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
56. Lesson 56: Literal translation boundaries — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
57. Lesson 57: Idiomatic translation and pragmatics — 2019 edited dictionary. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
58. Lesson 58: Discourse organization — Samson Benroi. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural and social context — Sharon Hutchisson. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
60. Lesson 60: Scholarly text commentary — pronoun number distinctions. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 7: Historical linguistics and contact — Lessons 61–70

Language-specific research anchor: trial forms. Complementary case: quadral forms. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

61. Lesson 61: Evidence for Oceanic cognates — trial forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
62. Lesson 62: Sound correspondences — quadral forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
63. Lesson 63: Borrowing diagnostics — ABVD evidence. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
64. Lesson 64: Dialect comparison — community-oriented lexicon. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
65. Lesson 65: Language contact with Tok Pisin — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
66. Lesson 66: Change in recorded phonetics — 2019 edited dictionary. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
67. Lesson 67: Older versus newer grammar terminology — Samson Benroi. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
68. Lesson 68: Uncertainty in linguistic classification — Sharon Hutchisson. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
69. Lesson 69: Claims about transmission over time — pronoun number distinctions. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
70. Lesson 70: Historically grounded comparative report — dual forms. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 8: Community, living practice and ethics — Lessons 71–80

Language-specific research anchor: quadral forms. Complementary case: ABVD evidence. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

71. Lesson 71: Speaker identity and intellectual credit — quadral forms. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
72. Lesson 72: Respectful use of local names — ABVD evidence. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
73. Lesson 73: Community-controlled knowledge — community-oriented lexicon. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
74. Lesson 74: Traditional land and sea knowledge — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
75. Lesson 75: Multilingual social networks — 2019 edited dictionary. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
76. Lesson 76: Language in childhood and education — Samson Benroi. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
77. Lesson 77: Consent for recordings and examples — Sharon Hutchisson. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
78. Lesson 78: Restricted or sensitive narratives — pronoun number distinctions. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
79. Lesson 79: Collaborative transcription correction — dual forms. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
80. Lesson 80: Sustainable archive and community access — trial forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

Module 9: Advanced research portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Language-specific research anchor: ABVD evidence. Complementary case: community-oriented lexicon. Preserve all original phonetic and orthographic signs and the exact document date.

81. Lesson 81: Verify primary-source bibliography — ABVD evidence. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
82. Lesson 82: Compose an orthography concordance — community-oriented lexicon. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
83. Lesson 83: Build a phonological evidence table — Hutchisson 1975 draft. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
84. Lesson 84: Create the cited mini-lexicon — 2019 edited dictionary. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
85. Lesson 85: Evaluate pronominal evidence — Samson Benroi. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
86. Lesson 86: Analyze one attested construction — Sharon Hutchisson. Contrast the linguistic hypothesis against an actual fieldnote, dictionary entry or passage. Do not supply a paradigm inferred from a neighboring language. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
87. Lesson 87: Publish an annotated text excerpt with permission — pronoun number distinctions. Prepare a two-column observation and interpretation table; label the source year, local variety and uncertainty of each claim. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
88. Lesson 88: Compare one historical and recent source — dual forms. Where sources are insufficient, specify the exact recording, speaker consultation or document needed to investigate the feature, rather than pretending it is already known. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
89. Lesson 89: Prepare community-feedback protocol — trial forms. Explain the role of this feature within a source-specific historical or cultural context; finish with a falsifiable research question. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.
90. Lesson 90: Submit final 90-lesson research dossier — quadral forms. Consult the language-specific named witness. Copy only an attested short item, recording its source location, transcription convention and exact English gloss; explain what the item establishes. Assessment: verified documentary reference, original commentary and a statement distinguishing secure observations from unresolved questions.

9. Editorial and research integrity

This is an original encyclopedic profile and a ninety-objective documentary curriculum. It is not a claim that ninety complete bilingual chapters or lectures have been produced. No invented ancient alphabets, unsupported quotations, speculative current speaker totals or plausible but unattested native sentences are represented as verified. Expanded lesson texts should be reviewed against cited pages and, where possible, by community language experts.