1. Language identity and geographic background

ANLHE Solomon Islands linguistic identity audit (November 2026): To’abaita (Toqabaqita) is a North Malaita Oceanic language, genealogically related to but distinct from Lau, Kwara’ae and Kwaio. Toqabaqita and To’abaita are variant names in the documentary tradition, not necessarily evidence of two separately catalogued spoken languages. The language should be described from its own grammatical and oral-text record. Language inventory and classification reference.

Toʻabaita, transcribed Toqabaqita in Lichtenberk’s scholarly works, is an Oceanic language of northern Malaita. The apostrophe-based name and q-based scholarly transcription should be understood as naming and orthographic conventions, not automatically counted as distinct languages. Associated region: northern Malaita, Solomon Islands. ISO 639-3 identifier: mlu. This identifier is archival metadata, not a vocabulary word.

2. Historical scholarship and documentary timeline

František Lichtenberk published a two-volume A Grammar of Toqabaqita and a separate A Dictionary of Toqabaqita in 2008. The Australian National University repository identifies the dictionary as Pacific Linguistics volume 592 and provides an open-access edition. These major modern resources provide a deeper and more systematic foundation than a short comparative wordlist.

Historical source labels and dated population claims must never be treated as verified present-day demographic facts. Authors, community contributors, digital transcribers and editors have different roles and should be credited independently.

3. Writing, sound systems and source transcription

Orthographic symbols such as q in Toqabaqita require interpretation from Lichtenberk’s phonological description; substituting English sound values would be methodologically unsound. Distinguish source spelling, phonemic analysis and locally used orthography.

Old Latin script conventions, phonetic notation and contemporary spelling practices are not necessarily equivalent. The existence of a historical grammar does not establish the existence of an ancient native alphabet.

4. Original grammar and documented constructions

Lichtenberk’s grammar supports research into noun phrases, pronouns, serial verb constructions, clause-level information and cross-clausal relationships. The dictionary provides a source-based lexical corpus including a cited entry abu with meanings related to restriction, taboo and sacredness. Extracting exact examples requires locating them in the original book rather than paraphrasing invented grammatical illustrations.

Grammatical generalizations must be tested against original examples. Reconstructing a plausible sentence by combining related languages’ vocabulary would be misleading and is excluded.

5. Selected source-grounded lexical evidence

These entries are limited to forms documented in the cited research or explicitly identified names and metadata; they do not constitute a complete phrasebook.

• abu: be tabooed, not allowed, forbidden, sacred in dictionary metadata.
• Toqabaqita: scholarly orthographic form of the language name.

For future teaching dialogues, original text, context, exact gloss, phonological interpretation and source location must be cross-checked before publication.

6. Language, cultural history and community knowledge

Oral narratives, maritime life, local place names, family relations and language contact offer relevant contextual themes. Research should not treat colonial-period accounts as a timeless description of local speech or community life. Permissions, intellectual attribution and appropriate forms of community review are integral to language preservation.

7. Scholarly bibliography and accessible primary records

1. František Lichtenberk (2008), A Dictionary of Toqabaqita, Pacific Linguistics 592, ANU. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/items/59430f38-4031-4eaa-81f0-a6e066e5fb2d
2. František Lichtenberk (2008), Grammar of Toqabaqita (two volumes), bibliography. https://nzlingsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/1B_FrankLichtenberk_Bibliograpy.pdf
3. The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic bibliography, Toqabaqita dictionary. https://tlopo.clld.org/sources/Lichtenberk2008

These named works ground the page’s documentary claims. The full individual teaching examples must be checked against exact pages or dictionary records rather than inferred from an index alone.

8. Distinctive language-focused research themes

1. Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming
2. northern Malaita setting
3. Lichtenberk 2008 grammar
4. 2008 ANU dictionary
5. Pacific Linguistics volume 592
6. phonological q spelling
7. nominal structures
8. serial verb grammar
9. lexical cultural meaning
10. corpus and speaker provenance

9. Nine-module, ninety-lesson research framework

The modules progress from language identity and transcription to grammar, text analysis, comparative scholarship and community-led archival practice. Topics requiring new evidence are explicitly framed as investigations, not unsupported facts.

Module 1: Linguistic identity and original documentation — Lessons 1–10

Unique source anchor: Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming; relevant further topic: northern Malaita setting. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

1. Lesson 1: Community name and locality — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
2. Lesson 2: Language genealogy — northern Malaita setting. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
3. Lesson 3: Similar names in other regions — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
4. Lesson 4: Earliest named research source — 2008 ANU dictionary. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
5. Lesson 5: Research and publication chronology — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
6. Lesson 6: Named contributor roles — phonological q spelling. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
7. Lesson 7: Comparative source limitations — nominal structures. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
8. Lesson 8: Source-dated settlement evidence — serial verb grammar. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
9. Lesson 9: Archive edition identification — lexical cultural meaning. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
10. Lesson 10: Full bibliographic metadata — corpus and speaker provenance. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 2: Alphabet, phonology and historical orthography — Lessons 11–20

Unique source anchor: northern Malaita setting; relevant further topic: Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

11. Lesson 11: Original spelling conventions — northern Malaita setting. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
12. Lesson 12: Documented consonants — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
13. Lesson 13: Documented vowels — 2008 ANU dictionary. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
14. Lesson 14: Syllabification evidence — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
15. Lesson 15: Stress and prosody — phonological q spelling. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
16. Lesson 16: Vowel alternations where cited — nominal structures. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
17. Lesson 17: Source-specific diacritics — serial verb grammar. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
18. Lesson 18: Phonemic versus phonetic notation — lexical cultural meaning. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
19. Lesson 19: Community writing conventions — corpus and speaker provenance. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
20. Lesson 20: Source-based pronunciation portfolio — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 3: Attested lexicon and semantic interpretation — Lessons 21–30

Unique source anchor: Lichtenberk 2008 grammar; relevant further topic: 2008 ANU dictionary. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

21. Lesson 21: Dictionary identification — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
22. Lesson 22: Original-language headwords — 2008 ANU dictionary. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
23. Lesson 23: Body terminology — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
24. Lesson 24: Kinship vocabulary — phonological q spelling. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
25. Lesson 25: Natural environments — nominal structures. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
26. Lesson 26: Sea and travel expressions — serial verb grammar. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
27. Lesson 27: Food and subsistence — lexical cultural meaning. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
28. Lesson 28: Numerals and counting — corpus and speaker provenance. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
29. Lesson 29: Borrowing and semantic change — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
30. Lesson 30: Ten documented lexical entries — northern Malaita setting. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 4: Pronouns, articles and noun phrases — Lessons 31–40

Unique source anchor: 2008 ANU dictionary; relevant further topic: Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

31. Lesson 31: Personal pronouns — 2008 ANU dictionary. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
32. Lesson 32: Person and number — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
33. Lesson 33: Inclusive and exclusive reference — phonological q spelling. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
34. Lesson 34: Dual or other number if attested — nominal structures. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
35. Lesson 35: Definite and indefinite marking — serial verb grammar. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
36. Lesson 36: Demonstratives — lexical cultural meaning. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
37. Lesson 37: Possessive markers — corpus and speaker provenance. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
38. Lesson 38: Object pronouns — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
39. Lesson 39: Nominal modifier order — northern Malaita setting. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
40. Lesson 40: Attested noun phrase annotation — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 5: Verbal and clause morphology — Lessons 41–50

Unique source anchor: Pacific Linguistics volume 592; relevant further topic: phonological q spelling. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

41. Lesson 41: Verb classes — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
42. Lesson 42: Transitive morphology — phonological q spelling. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
43. Lesson 43: Aspect evidence — nominal structures. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
44. Lesson 44: Temporal interpretation — serial verb grammar. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
45. Lesson 45: Negation patterns — lexical cultural meaning. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
46. Lesson 46: Questions and commands — corpus and speaker provenance. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
47. Lesson 47: Object marking — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
48. Lesson 48: Clause constituent order — northern Malaita setting. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
49. Lesson 49: Complex clause relations — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
50. Lesson 50: Original clause analysis — 2008 ANU dictionary. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 6: Reading, translating and discussing original texts — Lessons 51–60

Unique source anchor: phonological q spelling; relevant further topic: nominal structures. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

51. Lesson 51: Locate original texts — phonological q spelling. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
52. Lesson 52: Identify speaker or editor — nominal structures. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
53. Lesson 53: Preserve source orthography — serial verb grammar. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
54. Lesson 54: Segment a short passage — lexical cultural meaning. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
55. Lesson 55: Gloss grammatical markers — corpus and speaker provenance. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
56. Lesson 56: Literal translation — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
57. Lesson 57: Contextual translation — northern Malaita setting. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
58. Lesson 58: Discourse particles — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
59. Lesson 59: Cultural interpretation — 2008 ANU dictionary. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
60. Lesson 60: Evidence-based commentary — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 7: Historical comparison and contact — Lessons 61–70

Unique source anchor: nominal structures; relevant further topic: serial verb grammar. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

61. Lesson 61: Subgroup relationships — nominal structures. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
62. Lesson 62: Check apparent cognates — serial verb grammar. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
63. Lesson 63: Historical sound correspondences — lexical cultural meaning. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
64. Lesson 64: Loanword diagnosis — corpus and speaker provenance. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
65. Lesson 65: Contact and multilingualism — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
66. Lesson 66: Old and new source differences — northern Malaita setting. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
67. Lesson 67: Dialect variation — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
68. Lesson 68: Archival evidence biases — 2008 ANU dictionary. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
69. Lesson 69: Limits of reconstruction — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
70. Lesson 70: Documented comparative report — phonological q spelling. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 8: Community stewardship and living language — Lessons 71–80

Unique source anchor: serial verb grammar; relevant further topic: lexical cultural meaning. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

71. Lesson 71: Community language knowledge — serial verb grammar. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
72. Lesson 72: Historical versus contemporary use — lexical cultural meaning. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
73. Lesson 73: Speaker and contributor credit — corpus and speaker provenance. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
74. Lesson 74: Educational literacy work — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
75. Lesson 75: Ecological vocabulary — northern Malaita setting. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
76. Lesson 76: Ceremonial and social registers — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
77. Lesson 77: Recording consent — 2008 ANU dictionary. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
78. Lesson 78: Text reproduction rights — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
79. Lesson 79: Community review process — phonological q spelling. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
80. Lesson 80: Sustainable documentation — nominal structures. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

Module 9: Advanced research dossier — Lessons 81–90

Unique source anchor: lexical cultural meaning; relevant further topic: corpus and speaker provenance. Each assessment requires the original transcription, accurate source metadata and a documented inference boundary.

81. Lesson 81: Verify bibliography — lexical cultural meaning. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
82. Lesson 82: Build orthography chart — corpus and speaker provenance. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
83. Lesson 83: Prepare phonological analysis — Toʻabaita and Toqabaqita naming. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
84. Lesson 84: Compile verified vocabulary — northern Malaita setting. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun evidence report — Lichtenberk 2008 grammar. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
86. Lesson 86: Verb evidence report — 2008 ANU dictionary. State what the historical grammar actually establishes, marking later scholarly inference separately from its original terminology. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
87. Lesson 87: Annotate a source passage — Pacific Linguistics volume 592. Find an attested language-specific headword or passage and record original spelling, bibliographic edition and exact entry or page before analysis. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
88. Lesson 88: Comparative study — phonological q spelling. Prepare a two-column source and interpretation table and explain any uncertainty from dialect, translation or editorial practice. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
89. Lesson 89: Research ethics plan — nominal structures. Design an evidence-based exercise with a clearly specified original dictionary, grammar or community recording to verify it. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.
90. Lesson 90: Final ninety-objective portfolio — serial verb grammar. Contrast a secure source observation with another historically described variety without inventing new speech forms. Assessment: an auditable evidence record, original commentary and an uncertainty note.

10. Standards and publication status

Ninety separately specified documentary study objectives are included; ninety complete textbooks, lectures, native-language conversations or audio courses are not claimed. No unsupported language forms or demographic guesses are represented as verified. Further development requires original-source excerpts with citation and appropriate community or copyright permissions.