1. Language identification, speakers and linguistic genealogy

ANLHE Solomon Islands comparative taxonomy audit (November 2026): Vaghua is an Oceanic language associated with Choiseul. A historical classification groups Vaghua and Varisi together under a Northwest Choiseul language and lists Vaghua, Ghone and Varisi as dialects. Current language catalogues may distinguish the language entries; any unique-language count must state which classification scheme it uses. Reference classification and documentation.

Vaghua is associated with western Choiseul, Solomon Islands. ISO 639-3: tva. Scholarly classification: Austronesian > Oceanic > Northwest Solomonic > Choiseul > West Choiseul. The language must be distinguished from related neighboring communities, historical alternative names and the editorial labels used in different publications.

2. Historical sources and chronology

Vaghua is distinguished from Varisi and Babatana in Choiseul comparative scholarship. The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary and the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database both identify its wordlist source as Tryon and Hackman (1983). The latter lists 286 comparative datapoints. Comparative forms help test regular sound correspondences but cannot on their own establish a modern grammatical standard.

Comparative wordlists, translated religious books and fieldwork grammars offer different types of evidence. No source-specific speaker estimates are represented here as verified current population counts.

3. Alphabet, sound inventory and source orthography

The ABVD listing includes ləma- ‘hand’, ləma-na annotated ‘arm’, and ɣende- ‘left’, in scientific notation. Such forms must retain symbols and hyphens indicating lexical or morphological conventions; no sentence should be improvised by merging them.

Any item quoted from a database must retain original letters, diacritics and annotation. A comparative Latin-script list does not establish an indigenous ancient alphabet or full modern conversational pronunciation.

4. Nominal and verbal grammar: evidence versus research questions

The original comparative source includes pronoun evidence and contributes to the identification of West Choiseul sound changes. Its comparative pronoun forms are not a verified full grammatical paradigm for every current Vaghua variety; lessons require grammar and speaker evidence before asserting rules.

Pronouns, possession, temporal markers and sentence structure are legitimate research domains only when tied to verifiable original passages. Shared Oceanic genealogy does not justify generating unattested words or grammar for this language.

5. Lexicography and cultural semantics

Detailed teaching vocabulary should be prepared by recording the headword from the attributed dictionary or comparative list, the editor’s gloss, its local variety, collection date and precise source location. Broader themes may include kinship, sea and forest ecology, food, settlements and motion. The language’s own documentary tradition, rather than unrelated English examples, must determine the original forms.

6. Community history, contact and language stewardship

Island geography, mobility, multilingual interaction, local knowledge and language learning are appropriate contextual subjects. Historical catalog entries and linguists’ field notes must be interpreted in their date and social setting. Native speakers and original collaborators should receive explicit attribution wherever identifiable; recordings and texts remain subject to community and archive permissions.

7. Academic source register

1. ABVD Vaghua, 286 comparative entries. https://abvd.eva.mpg.de/austronesian/language.php?id=139
2. ASJP Vaghua lexical classification. https://asjp.clld.org/languages/VAGHUA
3. Austronesian Comparative Dictionary, Vaghua. https://acd.clld.org/languages/19225
4. Surrey Morphology Group, Choiseul bibliography. https://www.smg.surrey.ac.uk/languages/northwest-solomonic/bibliography/choiseul/

These bibliographic records allow verification; they do not establish ninety finished original-language dialogues. Future editions must cite exact pages or recordings for substantive native-language examples.

8. Ten language-specific original research strands

1. West Choiseul identity. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
2. Tryon and Hackman 1983. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
3. ABVD 286 forms. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
4. historical subgrouping. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
5. hand and arm lexemes. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
6. phonetic schwa. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
7. gamma sound transcription. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
8. pronoun comparative forms. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
9. West Choiseul versus Babatana. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.
10. careful lexical reconstruction. Locate an identifiable source witness, explain its scholarly or community context and indicate the evidence still required.

9. Ninety separately identified research lessons

Nine modules of ten lessons each organize the work from linguistic identity to source-based phonology, lexicography, morphosyntax, original texts, comparison and ethical preservation. Where the evidence is limited, a lesson remains an explicit investigation rather than an invented grammatical rule.

Module 1. Geography, names and documentation — Lessons 1–10

Specific research anchor: West Choiseul identity. Comparative question: Tryon and Hackman 1983. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

1. Lesson 1: Native and alternative names — West Choiseul identity. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
2. Lesson 2: Community geography — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
3. Lesson 3: Language family — ABVD 286 forms. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
4. Lesson 4: Relation to neighbors — historical subgrouping. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
5. Lesson 5: Early source history — hand and arm lexemes. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
6. Lesson 6: Comparative collection — phonetic schwa. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
7. Lesson 7: Fieldwork and editors — gamma sound transcription. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
8. Lesson 8: Source date and provenance — pronoun comparative forms. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
9. Lesson 9: Distinct dialect labels — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
10. Lesson 10: Annotated bibliography — careful lexical reconstruction. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 2. Orthography, transcription and phonology — Lessons 11–20

Specific research anchor: Tryon and Hackman 1983. Comparative question: ABVD 286 forms. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

11. Lesson 11: Writing conventions — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
12. Lesson 12: Historical transcriptions — ABVD 286 forms. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
13. Lesson 13: Consonant research — historical subgrouping. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
14. Lesson 14: Vowel research — hand and arm lexemes. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
15. Lesson 15: Phonetic versus phonemic signs — phonetic schwa. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
16. Lesson 16: Hyphens and morphological notation — gamma sound transcription. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
17. Lesson 17: Stress evidence — pronoun comparative forms. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
18. Lesson 18: Audio comparisons — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
19. Lesson 19: Regional pronunciation variation — careful lexical reconstruction. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
20. Lesson 20: Sound evidence report — West Choiseul identity. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 3. Original vocabulary and lexicography — Lessons 21–30

Specific research anchor: ABVD 286 forms. Comparative question: historical subgrouping. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

21. Lesson 21: First original wordlist — ABVD 286 forms. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
22. Lesson 22: Body and kinship terms — historical subgrouping. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
23. Lesson 23: Natural environment — hand and arm lexemes. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
24. Lesson 24: Maritime vocabulary — phonetic schwa. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
25. Lesson 25: Food and plants — gamma sound transcription. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
26. Lesson 26: Motion and direction — pronoun comparative forms. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
27. Lesson 27: Numeral evidence — West Choiseul versus Babatana. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
28. Lesson 28: Loanwords — careful lexical reconstruction. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
29. Lesson 29: Word meaning variation — West Choiseul identity. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
30. Lesson 30: Ten-entry attested notebook — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 4. Nominal reference and pronouns — Lessons 31–40

Specific research anchor: historical subgrouping. Comparative question: hand and arm lexemes. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

31. Lesson 31: Noun phrase identification — historical subgrouping. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
32. Lesson 32: Personal reference — hand and arm lexemes. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
33. Lesson 33: Singular — phonetic schwa. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
34. Lesson 34: Dual if attested — gamma sound transcription. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
35. Lesson 35: Plural — pronoun comparative forms. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
36. Lesson 36: Inclusive and exclusive if attested — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
37. Lesson 37: Articles and demonstratives — careful lexical reconstruction. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
38. Lesson 38: Possessive patterns — West Choiseul identity. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
39. Lesson 39: Kinship construction — Tryon and Hackman 1983. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
40. Lesson 40: Evidence-based nominal analysis — ABVD 286 forms. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 5. Verbal structures and sentence analysis — Lessons 41–50

Specific research anchor: hand and arm lexemes. Comparative question: phonetic schwa. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

41. Lesson 41: Identify predicates — hand and arm lexemes. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
42. Lesson 42: Morphological boundaries — phonetic schwa. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
43. Lesson 43: Transitivity — gamma sound transcription. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
44. Lesson 44: Time markers — pronoun comparative forms. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
45. Lesson 45: Aspectual meaning — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
46. Lesson 46: Negation — careful lexical reconstruction. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
47. Lesson 47: Questions — West Choiseul identity. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
48. Lesson 48: Commands — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
49. Lesson 49: Clause ordering — ABVD 286 forms. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
50. Lesson 50: Annotated clause research — historical subgrouping. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 6. Source text, discourse and translation — Lessons 51–60

Specific research anchor: phonetic schwa. Comparative question: gamma sound transcription. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

51. Lesson 51: Locate text — phonetic schwa. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
52. Lesson 52: Speaker or editor identity — gamma sound transcription. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
53. Lesson 53: Record source orthography — pronoun comparative forms. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
54. Lesson 54: Segment and gloss — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
55. Lesson 55: Translate words in context — careful lexical reconstruction. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
56. Lesson 56: Syntactic reading — West Choiseul identity. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
57. Lesson 57: Discourse and genre — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
58. Lesson 58: Cultural interpretation — ABVD 286 forms. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
59. Lesson 59: Compare editions — historical subgrouping. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
60. Lesson 60: Critical text commentary — hand and arm lexemes. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 7. Historical comparison and contact — Lessons 61–70

Specific research anchor: gamma sound transcription. Comparative question: pronoun comparative forms. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

61. Lesson 61: Genealogical subgroups — gamma sound transcription. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
62. Lesson 62: Cognate methodology — pronoun comparative forms. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
63. Lesson 63: Sound correspondences — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
64. Lesson 64: Borrowing hypotheses — careful lexical reconstruction. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
65. Lesson 65: Contact traditions — West Choiseul identity. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
66. Lesson 66: Dialects and varieties — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
67. Lesson 67: Evidence from older sources — ABVD 286 forms. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
68. Lesson 68: Reconstruction caution — historical subgrouping. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
69. Lesson 69: Comparative hypothesis testing — hand and arm lexemes. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
70. Lesson 70: Documentary comparison paper — phonetic schwa. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 8. Community participation and ethics — Lessons 71–80

Specific research anchor: pronoun comparative forms. Comparative question: West Choiseul versus Babatana. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

71. Lesson 71: Community language names — pronoun comparative forms. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
72. Lesson 72: Knowledge holders — West Choiseul versus Babatana. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
73. Lesson 73: Traditional oral histories — careful lexical reconstruction. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
74. Lesson 74: Island ecology — West Choiseul identity. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
75. Lesson 75: Language learning contexts — Tryon and Hackman 1983. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
76. Lesson 76: Multilingual environments — ABVD 286 forms. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
77. Lesson 77: Recording permissions — historical subgrouping. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
78. Lesson 78: Speaker and author credit — hand and arm lexemes. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
79. Lesson 79: Return materials to community — phonetic schwa. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
80. Lesson 80: Archival preservation — gamma sound transcription. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

Module 9. Advanced research portfolio — Lessons 81–90

Specific research anchor: West Choiseul versus Babatana. Comparative question: careful lexical reconstruction. Check the original spelling and source provenance for every example.

81. Lesson 81: Source bibliography — West Choiseul versus Babatana. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
82. Lesson 82: Orthographic evidence matrix — careful lexical reconstruction. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
83. Lesson 83: Sound-system inquiry — West Choiseul identity. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
84. Lesson 84: Verified lexicon — Tryon and Hackman 1983. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
85. Lesson 85: Pronoun-source report — ABVD 286 forms. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
86. Lesson 86: Verbal research note — historical subgrouping. Compare authentic evidence in two scholarly witnesses without importing words or syntax from another named language. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
87. Lesson 87: One annotated original excerpt — hand and arm lexemes. Find the exact language-specific source entry, preserve its orthography, and identify a page, database ID or recording before explaining the form. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
88. Lesson 88: Comparative essay — phonetic schwa. Prepare a compact documentation table recording original form, author or speaker, collection date, local variety, English gloss, and ambiguity. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
89. Lesson 89: Source and consent audit — gamma sound transcription. For a phenomenon not proven by available records, define an archival search or community-consultation protocol rather than inventing a phrase. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.
90. Lesson 90: Capstone research synthesis — pronoun comparative forms. Analyze what a cited source actually demonstrates; distinguish observed data from a grammatical generalization that would need confirmation. Assessment: original-language evidence where available, an independently written analysis and a transparent source-limit note.

10. Editorial disclosure

This page contains an original research profile and ninety lesson objectives, not ninety fully developed teaching texts, audio sessions or recorded lessons. Unsupported language phrases, invented writing systems and undocumented current speaker counts have not been introduced as facts. Further linguistic examples require precise archival citations and review where possible by community language experts.