Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) — ANLHE Historical Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Study Guide
A historical Kanak language profile documenting written sources, alphabet, grammar, authentic word forms, cultural heritage and ninety individually numbered source-reading objectives.
1. Language history, geography and written documentation
Ajië is an Oceanic Austronesian Kanak language centered on Houaïlou and neighboring parts of Grande Terre, New Caledonia. The local name and regional Ajië-Arhö cultural institutions should be distinguished from other Kanak languages. Maurice Leenhardt collected and published New Caledonian language and ethnographic materials, including Documents néo-calédoniens (1932). Jacqueline de la Fontinelle published La langue de Houaïlou (Nouvelle-Calédonie): Description phonologique et description syntaxique in 1976, a foundational reference. Aramiou, Euritein and Kavivioro prepared Dictionnaire ajië–français (2001); Claude Lercari’s student-oriented dictionary appeared in 2002. The Kanak Language Academy compares different writing conventions used by these authors. A book’s date is the date of documentation, not an origin date for the spoken language. Community varieties and author names should always be kept attached to historical records.
2. Original alphabets and pronunciation
The Kanak Language Academy describes 32 long and short vowel categories combined and 25 consonants in the current phonological account. Its attested word examples include ajië ‘language of Houaïlou’, gwâ ‘head’, kaaru ‘two’, mwâ ‘house’ and rhëë ‘water’. Accents, nasal signs and older spelling differences matter; do not silently substitute Leenhardt’s graphemes for modern academy notation. Exact original spelling, long vowels and linguistic accents matter, and early mission or academic orthographies must be distinguished from contemporary Kanak community standards.
3. Historical vocabulary, morphology and syntax
Ajië uses distinct person-reference, nominal and predicative patterns to be described with de la Fontinelle’s actual grammar and published local texts. In particular, compare words and full narratives in the Academy corpus rather than deriving invented forms from common Oceanic roots. Use the authentic Kanak Language Academy word examples and published text corpora where possible. Do not substitute a word or grammatical marker from another Kanak language, even where genealogical relationships are close.
4. Primary documentary and academic evidence
Kanak Language Academy, Ajië page; Leenhardt, Documents néo-calédoniens (1932); de la Fontinelle, La langue de Houaïlou (1976); Aramiou, Euritein and Kavivioro, Ajië–French dictionary (2001); Lercari dictionary (2002).
The above citations identify real publications, academic texts and language resources. The literal source-language words in this entry are attributed to the official Kanak Language Academy language profiles. A direct historical quotation requires its original page or recording to establish its authentic form.
5. Method of source reading and transcription
Choose a dated dictionary, primary written text or academy oral corpus. Record the author’s original spelling convention and publication date. Transcribe precisely, identify vowel quantity and tone when the language requires it, and explain the source’s interlinear or bilingual gloss. Only then may a learner compare contemporary standard orthography with historical missionary notation.
6. Kanak society and local intellectual traditions
Language research engages place-based names, marine environments, gardening, kinship, oral legends, musical traditions and the work of community language academies. Earlier missionary literacy and modern Kanak-led revitalization form different but interrelated periods of documentary history. Respect each language’s distinct community and oral narratives.
7. Accuracy and historical interpretation
Drehu is associated with Lifou; Nengone with Maré; Paicî, Ajië and Xârâcùù with distinct Grande Terre regions. Vowel length and tone are critical where documented, and dictionary word forms should not be generalized into invented sentences. Every historical population figure and edition statement must retain its date.
8. Ninety individual source-based lessons
Nine modules contain ten named topics each. These are ninety curriculum and documentary research objectives, not ninety already produced independent PDF books, videos or narrated lessons.
Module 1: Origins, linguistic setting and evidence — Lessons 1–10
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 1: Language family affiliation — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 2: Historical homeland — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 3: Local villages and varieties — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 4: Community names — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 5: Early printed or archived text — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 6: Research author and local collaborators — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 7: Publication and survey chronology — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 8: Primary source language — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 9: Historical versus current status — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 10: Responsible source dating — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 2: Alphabet, vowels, consonants and tone — Lessons 11–20
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 11: Original alphabets — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 12: Grapheme-to-phoneme relations — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 13: Vowel inventory — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 14: Vowel length — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 15: Consonant clusters and digraphs — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 16: Nasal and labialized sound notation — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 17: Tone or accent if applicable — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 18: Historical orthographic systems — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 19: Phonological change — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 20: Precise documented spelling — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 3: Attested words and historical semantics — Lessons 21–30
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 21: Community language names — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 22: Geographic names — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 23: Family and kinship vocabulary — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 24: Food and crop terminology — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 25: Ocean and coastal words — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 26: Animals and environmental knowledge — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 27: Documented word pairs — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 28: Borrowings and source eras — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 29: Dictionary word-class analysis — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 30: Authentic mini lexicon — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 4: Pronouns, noun expressions and possession — Lessons 31–40
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 31: Person and number reference — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 32: Possessive phrases — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 33: Articles and markers — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 34: Nominal classifiers where attested — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 35: Demonstratives — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 36: Number expressions — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 37: Adjective and noun modifiers — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 38: Compound nouns — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 39: Noun phrase word order — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 40: Original nominal gloss — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 5: Verbs, predication and sentence analysis — Lessons 41–50
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 41: Verb categories — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 42: Predicative versus nominal readings — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 43: Aspect and tense where attested — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 44: Negative constructions — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 45: Questions and imperatives — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 46: Agreement or argument indexing — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 47: Transitivity and valency — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 48: Clause coordination — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 49: Discourse-sensitive syntax — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 50: Attested sentence structure — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 6: Reading original books and oral corpora — Lessons 51–60
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 51: Locate historical first edition — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 52: Record page and chapter — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 53: Distinguish edition years — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 54: Copy a real dictionary entry — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 55: Check local text corpus — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 56: Mark original phonetic diacritics — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 57: Review interlinear glossing — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 58: Check translation against lexicon — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 59: Compare editorial alternatives — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 60: Report uncertainty — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 7: Kanak knowledge, oral texts and culture — Lessons 61–70
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 61: Traditional family relations — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 62: Landscape and place identity — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 63: Cultural navigation and fishing — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 64: Oral tale literature — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 65: Local songs and verbal art — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 66: Food-growing techniques — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 67: Indigenous scholar contributions — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 68: Church and school literacy — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 69: Regional revitalization programs — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 70: Cultural ethics — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 8: Comparative Oceanic methodology — Lessons 71–80
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 71: Distinguish neighboring Kanak languages — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 72: Genealogical subgrouping — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 73: Sound comparison and borrowing — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 74: Vowel-length evidence — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 75: Tone where relevant — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 76: Published dictionary reliability — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 77: Dialect and written-source variation — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 78: Change of spelling norm — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 79: Dated population evidence — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 80: Scholarly citation practice — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
Module 9: Annotated research portfolio — Lessons 81–90
Study this topic within Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) using verified Kanak Language Academy sources and the published scholarly corpus.
- Lesson 81: Choose precise source text — mwâ house. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 82: Identify original speaker or author — rhëë water. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 83: Record original page — Houaïlou speaker region. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 84: Transcribe faithfully — Ajië-Arhö cultural area. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 85: Explain an attested word — Leenhardt 1932. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 86: Analyze one nominal form — De la Fontinelle 1976. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 87: Analyze one verbal construction — 2001 community dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 88: Check comparative claim — 2002 Lercari dictionary. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 89: Document uncertainties — gwâ head. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
- Lesson 90: Publish annotated reading portfolio — kaaru two. Locate a genuine word, passage, phonological observation or bibliographic detail in the named source, explain its specifically attested meaning or structure and record the exact source and uncertainty. Avoid inventing old-language sentences.
9. Verifiable institutional bibliography
Read the Kanak Language Academy’s original language profile for Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou). The profile provides documented words, historical authors, orthographic conventions and references for further original-source investigation.
10. Annotated historical-language project
Choose one genuine text, academy lexeme or historical dictionary item. Record its exact spelling, translation and source, analyze the relevant sound or morphosyntactic feature, and compare a later reference while reporting date, dialect and transcription uncertainties. Return to ANLHE historical-language index.