1. Geographic and community identity

Hausa is a living language with a large first-language area in northern Nigeria and Niger, also used extensively as a regional second language and trade language. The Hausa-speaking region is multilingual, and individual local speech traditions are not identical to an artificially universal national standard.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

2. Genealogical classification

Hausa belongs to West Chadic within the Afro-Asiatic family, not to the Niger-Congo language family despite its West African geography. Glottolog catalogues Hausa as ISO 639-3 hau and Glottocode haus1257. Historical comparisons with other Chadic languages should rely on regular sound correspondences.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

3. Boko and Ajami writing traditions

Hausa is written extensively in a Latin-based orthography known as Boko, with distinctive letters such as ɓ, ɗ and ƙ. The Hausa Ajami tradition uses Arabic-derived writing. Modern digital and school usage may vary; script choice does not determine whether the underlying text is Hausa.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

4. Phonology and tone

Hausa has tone and vowel length contrasts, but many practical Boko texts leave tone or length partially unmarked. The sound system also includes implosives and ejective consonants. Accurate pronunciation lessons require reference audio, phonetic transcription and the source's dialect specification.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

5. Noun phrase and grammatical gender

Hausa noun phrases have grammatical gender distinctions and a complex set of plural formations. There is no safe single plural suffix that can be added to every noun. Lessons must compare attested singular and plural pairs with context and source.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

6. Verb forms and aspect

Hausa has rich aspectual and pronominal marking in verbal constructions. Clause structure, object forms and auxiliary-like markers should be described using source-attested full utterances; the language's morphosyntax should not be inferred by word-for-word English translation.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

7. Greetings and politeness

Hausa conversational routines often comprise multiple exchanges about wellbeing, work, household and time of day. A University of Wisconsin course provides greeting examples and a University of Cologne Hausa page illustrates tonalized transcriptions. A source-specific dialogue should preserve its original wording and not be presented as universal across all communities.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

8. Textual history and cultural context

Hausa has an extensive literary tradition, including Ajami manuscripts, oral poetry, Hausa-language publications and modern audiovisual media. The history of Kano, other cities and wider Sahel trade networks is relevant, but descriptive claims need dated textual and historical sources.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

9. Regional and contact variation

Hausa usage in Nigeria and Niger, as well as contact with Arabic, English, French and neighboring languages, creates regional variants. Borrowing and code-switching should be distinguished from inherited Chadic vocabulary, and numerical speaker estimates should always have dated provenance.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

10. Documentary standards and learning outcomes

The profile connects sources, selected authentic phrases and a ninety-lesson analytical sequence. Its outline is not a substitute for a complete, independently verified ninety-chapter course or native-speaker-approved audio recordings.

Source-critical research: Reconstruct the claim’s documentation trail from the bibliography, compare regional names and time periods, and state what remains disputed. Orthographic, phonological and grammatical examples must be copied from attested linguistic records or consented speaker data, not fabricated from translated English. The educational principle is independent verification with a specified source, variety, context and date.

11. Recorded short examples and source limitations

Source-attributed short forms for orientation; do not infer complete sentence paradigms or pronunciation from the English gloss. Spelling may differ between printed and regional sources.

Example source: https://wisc.pb.unizin.org/lctlresources/chapter/hausa-greetings/.

12. Comprehensive 90-lesson academic research pathway

Scope statement: These are ninety substantial research-lesson descriptions arranged in ten modules, not ninety complete grammar-and-dialogue textbooks. For each task, an instructor must supply an attested original-language item and its source before assigning spoken reproduction or translation tests.

Module 1: Evidence and community

Language-specific module priority: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 1: Identify the official language name. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 2: Distinguish alternative spellings. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 3: Confirm ISO and Glottolog identifiers. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 4: Map historically attested regions. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 5: Describe community and multilingual contexts. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 6: Review a primary historical text. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 7: Evaluate speaker estimates by date. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 8: Identify registers and varieties. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 9: Draft a source-graded introductory profile. Specific language research context: West Chadic identity and linguistic geography. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 2: Writing and phonology

Language-specific module priority: the Hausa-language literary history. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 10: Survey historical writing systems. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 11: Identify modern orthographic standards. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 12: Chart consonants from a grammar. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 13: Chart vowels from a grammar. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 14: Study phonological contrasts. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 15: Assess tone or prosody when documented. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 16: Separate phonetic transcription from spelling. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 17: Compare two written source traditions. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 18: Prepare a pronunciation-evidence worksheet. Specific language research context: the Hausa-language literary history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 3: Lexicon and meaning

Language-specific module priority: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 19: Document family and kinship terms. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 20: Study numerals and quantity. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 21: Collect greetings from named sources. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 22: Document time-related vocabulary. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 23: Investigate environmental terminology. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 24: Identify verbs from an original wordlist. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 25: Check semantic domains and polysemy. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 26: Investigate loanwords and register. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 27: Compile an annotated mini-lexicon. Specific language research context: Boko and Ajami orthographies. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 4: Nominal grammar

Language-specific module priority: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 28: Identify source nouns and grammatical classes. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 29: Investigate singular and plural mechanisms. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 30: Examine pronoun forms in context. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 31: Study demonstratives and reference. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 32: Examine possession and genitive phrases. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 33: Find adjective and modifier examples. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 34: Research articles or determiners. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 35: Compare nominal word orders. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 36: Interlinearize an attested noun phrase. Specific language research context: tone, vowel length and Hausa consonant letters. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 5: Verbal grammar

Language-specific module priority: gender, number and noun phrases. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 37: Verify verb citation forms. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 38: Analyze person and number marking. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 39: Describe tense through sourced clauses. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 40: Study grammatical aspect. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 41: Examine negation. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 42: Investigate imperatives. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 43: Study interrogative constructions. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 44: Compare predicate and object order. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 45: Interlinearize a sourced sentence. Specific language research context: gender, number and noun phrases. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 6: Conversation and language use

Language-specific module priority: aspect and pronominal constructions. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 46: Analyze a context-appropriate greeting. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 47: Document a greeting reply. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 48: Investigate polite address. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 49: Study requests and permission. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 50: Study apologies and thanks. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 51: Analyze questions and responses. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 52: Identify conversational turn-taking. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 53: Assess dialectal conversational differences. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 54: Prepare a dialogue critique from attested material. Specific language research context: aspect and pronominal constructions. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 7: Literature and cultural sources

Language-specific module priority: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 55: Identify oral narrative genres. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 56: Analyze a sourced short narrative. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 57: Study proverbs as contextual language. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 58: Describe ceremonial or formal registers. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 59: Investigate historical manuscripts. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 60: Review modern writing and media. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 61: Examine translated versus original texts. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 62: Discuss source and speaker permissions. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 63: Write a culturally grounded text commentary. Specific language research context: authentic greeting exchanges and politeness. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 8: Literacy and variation

Language-specific module priority: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 64: Review regional orthographic policies. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 65: Examine schooling materials. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 66: Compare community language varieties. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 67: Investigate intergenerational change. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 68: Document language-contact effects. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 69: Analyze code-switching records. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 70: Review online language materials. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 71: Record publication and licensing details. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 72: Create a local-variety documentation plan. Specific language research context: Hausa poetry, radio and manuscript history. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 9: Comparative and analytical methods

Language-specific module priority: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 73: Study a closely related language. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 74: Compare regular sound correspondences. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 75: Distinguish cognates from loans. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 76: Evaluate rival classification proposals. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 77: Compare syntactic constructions cautiously. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 78: Set up a tiny annotated corpus. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 79: Critically evaluate phonological uncertainty. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 80: Prepare a reference comparison matrix. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 81: Write an original linguistic analysis. Specific language research context: Nigeria and Niger varieties and contact. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Module 10: Capstone research

Language-specific module priority: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Learning outcomes: locate evidence, distinguish directly attested material from analytical interpretation, and produce an independently checkable linguistic record.

Lesson 82: Assemble a source-attributed bibliography. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 83: Compile a forty-item evidence glossary. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 84: Review one phonological transcription. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 85: Analyze a documented noun structure. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 86: Analyze a sourced verbal structure. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 87: Annotate an authorized recording. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 88: Design authentic teaching questions. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 89: Complete an uncertainty and ethics audit. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

Lesson 90: Produce the final encyclopedia research portfolio. Specific language research context: an attested Hausa text-and-dialogue portfolio. Task: identify an individual Hausa community or named documentary variety, consult one scholarly grammar, source corpus or original teaching record, and isolate a directly attested example or clear bibliographical fact. Analyze its form, English interpretation, historical setting and uncertainty. Compare a second source without combining incompatible dialects. Practice: construct an evidence table listing source and page or URL, original orthography, literal translation when supplied, analytic observations and a critical question. Assessment: justify the answer with an explicit citation and flag unattested forms rather than inventing them.

13. Suggested supplementary materials and assessment

Future teaching resources can include original written passages, permission-cleared recordings, bilingual analytical glossaries, annotated pronunciation charts, referenced grammar worksheets, oral-text heritage readings, comparative language exercises and revision questions. None is claimed to have been installed as a functioning multimedia course merely because it is recommended in this encyclopedia.

Proposed assessment categories: primary-source accuracy and referencing 25%; phonology and orthography 15%; morphology and syntax 25%; community-informed cultural context and ethical practice 15%; final independently verifiable research dossier 20%. This evaluates research literacy and is not a certified proficiency rating.

14. Research bibliography and source provenance

1. Glottolog Hausa identification. Verify author, edition, dialect, year and the original evidence cited by the catalogue or course.
2. University of Cologne Hausa language course. Verify author, edition, dialect, year and the original evidence cited by the catalogue or course.
3. University of Wisconsin Hausa greetings. Verify author, edition, dialect, year and the original evidence cited by the catalogue or course.
4. NAPPSA Hausa first words. Verify author, edition, dialect, year and the original evidence cited by the catalogue or course.
5. HausaDictionary literacy resource. Verify author, edition, dialect, year and the original evidence cited by the catalogue or course.

Transparency: Linguistic identity and code verified from research catalogues. Some conversational material comes from named teaching resources rather than linguistic fieldwork and requires further community review. No language forms are fabricated for gaps; all ninety units are documented study outlines requiring future developed lesson content.