Ancient and Historical Languages: Encyclopedia
Discover the history, writing systems, grammatical structures, literary traditions and critical methods of historical languages. Every published profile has a proposed 90-lesson study outline. Check a commercial course’s actual content and availability separately.
Explore 346 Published Language Profiles
- Sumerian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Akkadian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old English — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Latin — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ancient Greek — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Sanskrit — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hittite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Gothic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Norse — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Chinese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Egyptian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Biblical Hebrew — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Syriac — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Coptic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Church Slavonic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Armenian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Persian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Avestan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Pali — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ge’ez — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Tocharian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Elamite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hurrian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ugaritic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Phoenician — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Etruscan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Luwian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Urartian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Lycian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Lydian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Phrygian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Oscan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Umbrian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Gaulish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Irish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Welsh — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old High German — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle High German — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old French — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Occitan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle English — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Saxon — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Frisian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Dutch — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old East Slavic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Persian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Prussian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Nahuatl — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Tibetan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Javanese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Tamil — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Turkic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Sogdian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Bactrian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Georgian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Mongolian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Nubian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Japanese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Korean — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Khmer — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Burmese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Chinese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Gandhari — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Maharashtri Prakrit — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Kannada — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Telugu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Dutch — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Spanish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Galician-Portuguese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Catalan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Swedish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Danish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Low German — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Scots — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Breton — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Middle Cornish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Czech — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Polish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Slovene — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Lithuanian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Latvian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Italian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Romanian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Albanian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Hungarian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Finnish — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Imperial Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Nabataean Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Sabaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Mandaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Palmyrene Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hatran Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Minaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Qatabanic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hadramitic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Punic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Moabite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ammonite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Safaitic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Dadanitic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Edomite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Samaritan Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Christian Palestinian Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Eblaite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Amorite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Samalian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hattic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Kassite — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Palaic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Carian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Sidetic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Pisidian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Milyan (Lycian B) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Faliscan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- South Picene — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Venetic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Messapic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Raetic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Lepontic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Celtiberian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Lusitanian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Iberian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Southwestern Palaeohispanic (Tartessian) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Cham — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Mon — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Malay — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Balinese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Sundanese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Sinhala — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Bengali — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Assamese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Odia — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Marathi — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Khotanese Saka — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Tumshuqese Saka — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Khwarezmian (Chorasmian) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Parthian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Uyghur — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Tangut — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Khitan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Jurchen — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical Manchu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ahom (Tai Ahom) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Egyptian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Late Egyptian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Demotic Egyptian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Meroitic — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ancient Libyco-Berber — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classic Maya — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Yucatec Maya — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Classical K’iche’ — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Ancient Zapotec — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Mixtec (Ñuu Dzaui) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Quechua — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Aymara — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Guarani — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Colonial Mapudungun — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Tupí (Tupinambá) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Kaqchikel — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Tzeltal — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Tzotzil — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Otomi — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Purépecha — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Huastec (Teenek) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Totonac — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Ch’olti’ — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Zoque of Tecpatán — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Colonial Rarámuri (Tarahumara) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Cora (Náayeri) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Matlatzinca (Pirinda) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Mazahua — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Mixe (Ayuujk) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Mam (Mame) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Gujarati — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Punjabi — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Kashmiri — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Nepali (Khas Kura) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Old Malayalam — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sukhothai Thai — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Lan Xang Lao — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Traditional Tai Lue — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Traditional Tai Khuen — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Northern Thai (Lan Na) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Colonial Tagalog — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Kapampangan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Ilocano — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Bikol — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Pangasinan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Cebuano (Bisaya) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Colonial Waray (Samar–Leyte) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Ibanag — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sambal (Zambal) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Bugis (Buginese) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Makassarese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Toba Batak — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Rejang — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Lampung — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Kerinci (Incung) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Acehnese (Jawi) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Minangkabau (Jawi) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Mandailing Batak — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Bima (Mbojo) Manuscript Tradition — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sasak (Lombok Lontar) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Madurese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Nias (Li Niha) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Gayo — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Gorontalo — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Tontemboan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sangirese (Sangir) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sa’dan Toraja — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Enggano — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Tombulu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Ternate — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Tidore — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Galela — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Tobelo — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sahu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Buru (Masarete) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Ambonese Malay — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Yamdena (Tanimbar) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Fordata — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Dobel (Aru Islands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Fijian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Samoan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Tongan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Written Māori — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Written Hawaiian (ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Tahitian (Reo Tahiti) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Written Cook Islands Māori (Rarotongan) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Early Written Niuean (Vagahau Niue) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documented Tokelauan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documentation of Tuvaluan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Marquesan — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Rapa Nui — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Gilbertese (Kiribati) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Marshallese (Kajin M̧ajeļ) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Palauan (Tekoi er a Belau) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Chamorro (CHamoru) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Saipan Carolinian (Refaluwasch) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Yapese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Chuukese (Trukese) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Pohnpeian (Ponapean) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documented Kosraean (Kusaiean) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documented Mokilese (Mwoakillese) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documented Pingelapese — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Woleaian and Woleai Script — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documented Ulithian — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Tolai (Kuanua) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Motu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Police Motu / Hiri Motu — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Kâte — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Yabem (Jabêm) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Amele (Madang) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Kalam (Madang Highlands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Kobon — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Fore (Eastern Highlands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Huli (Southern Highlands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Enga (Endakali Pii) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Kuman (Simbu) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Duna (Yuna) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Ku Waru (Bo-Ung) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Yagaria — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Melpa (Medlpa) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Middle Wahgi — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Kewa (West and East) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Ipili (Porgera) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Documentation of Daga — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Manambu (East Sepik) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Usan (Madang) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Telefol (Telefomin) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Mian (Ok Family) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Abau (Sepik River) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Yimas (Lower Sepik) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Alamblak (East Sepik) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Iatmul (Middle Sepik) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Waskia (Karkar Island) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Bilua (Vella Lavella) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Rotokas (Bougainville) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Kuot (New Ireland) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Sulka (East New Britain) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Lavukaleve (Russell Islands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Savosavo (Savo Island) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Teop (North Bougainville) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Araki (Vanuatu) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Mwotlap (Motalava) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Nêlêmwa and Nixumwak (New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Hiw (Torres Islands) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical and Documented Anejom̃ (Aneityum) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Lenakel (West Tanna) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented South Efate (Nafsan) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Paamese (Paama) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical North Raga (Lamalanga) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Daakaka (Ambrym) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Vurës (Vanua Lava) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Mavea (Espiritu Santo region) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Tamambo (West Malo) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Naman (Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Avava (Central Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Nese (Northwest Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Tape (Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Neve’ei (Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Uripiv–Wala–Rano–Atchin — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Unua (Malakula) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Lewo (Epi Island) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Sye (Erromangan) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Ura (Erromango) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Bislama (Beach-la-Mar) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Drehu (Qene Drehu) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Nengone (Maré) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Paicî (Mainland New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Written Ajië (Houaïlou) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Xârâcùù (Thio–Canala) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Iaai (Hwen Iaai, Ouvéa) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Fagauvea (West Uvean, Ouvéa) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Cèmuhî (Touho) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Nèmi (Voh–Hienghène) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Nyêlayu (Belep and Arama) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Drubea (Nraa Drubea) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Numèè (Nââ Numèè) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Jawe (Pouébo and Hienghène) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Fwâi (Northern New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Pije (Northern New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Caac (Cawac, Pouébo) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Yuanga (Zuanga, Bondé) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Pwaamei (Naakâ and Yaak) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Pwapwâ (Northern Grande Terre) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Vamale (Voh–Koné) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Arhâ (Poya) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Arhö (Poya) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented ‘Ôrôê (Grande Terre) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Neku (New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Sîshëë (Kélé region) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Bwatoo (Voh–Koné) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Haveke (Northern Grande Terre) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Documented Haeke (Northern New Caledonia) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Xârâgurè (Thio Region) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Historical Nââ Kwényïï (Île des Pins) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Tîrî (Tinrin / Grand Couli) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Hamea (Xaa Méa / Kouaoua) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Rotuman (Fäeag Rotuma) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Rennell–Bellona (Mungiki / Mugaba) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
- Kapingamarangi (Pohnpei Polynesian Outlier) — Language Encyclopedia and 90-Lesson Guide
Learn to Read the Evidence
Begin with a language’s history and script, then move to grammar, documented passages and independent textual analysis. Manuscript and inscription evidence is distinguished from modern teaching examples and reconstructions.